{"id":5630,"date":"2014-11-24T14:16:50","date_gmt":"2014-11-24T06:16:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/defenselawyer.com.cn\/?p=5592"},"modified":"2014-11-24T14:16:50","modified_gmt":"2014-11-24T06:16:50","slug":"%e5%bc%a0%e6%98%8e%e6%a5%b7%ef%bc%9a%e5%85%b1%e5%90%8c%e7%8a%af%e7%bd%aa%e7%9a%84%e8%ae%a4%e5%ae%9a%e6%96%b9%e6%b3%95","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.iobject.cn\/?p=5630","title":{"rendered":"\u5f20\u660e\u6977\uff1a\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u8ba4\u5b9a\u65b9\u6cd5"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\t\t\t\t\u3010\u6458\u8981\u3011\u6211\u56fd\u8ba4\u5b9a\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u4e0d\u533a\u5206\u4e0d\u6cd5\u4e0e\u8d23\u4efb\u3001\u4e0d\u533a\u5206\u6b63\u72af\u4e0e\u72ed\u4e49\u7684\u5171\u72af\u3001\u4e0d\u5206\u522b\u8003\u5bdf\u53c2\u4e0e\u4eba\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u6b63\u72af\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u7b49\u4e09\u4e2a\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8ba4\u5b9a\u65b9\u6cd5\u5bfc\u81f4\u96be\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u8bf8\u591a\u590d\u6742\u6848\u4ef6\u3002\u8ba4\u5b9a\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u5e94\u5f53\u91c7\u53d6\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u5176\u4e00\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\u4ec5\u5728\u4e8e\u4e0d\u6cd5\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u4ee5\u4e0d\u6cd5\u4e3a\u91cd\u5fc3\u8ba4\u5b9a\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\uff1b\u81f3\u4e8e\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u5219\u4e0e\u5355\u4e2a\u4eba\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u5224\u65ad\u6ca1\u6709\u533a\u522b\u3002\u5176\u4e8c\uff0c\u6b63\u72af\u662f\u6784\u6210\u8981\u4ef6\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u4ee5\u6b63\u72af\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8ba4\u5b9a\u5171\u72af\uff1b\u5f53\u6b63\u72af\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u6cd5\u76ca\u4fb5\u5bb3\u7ed3\u679c\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5371\u9669\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u53c2\u4e0e\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u8be5\u7ed3\u679c\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u5c31\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e0d\u6cd5\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u5171\u72af\u3002\u5176\u4e09\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u53c2\u4e0e\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u6b63\u72af\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u5177\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u627f\u62c5\u65e2\u9042\u72af\u7684\u5211\u4e8b\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u6545\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u8ba4\u5b9a\u5e94\u5f53\u4ee5\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u3002\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u63d0\u51fa\u548c\u56de\u7b54\u201c\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u72af\u7684\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u7f6a\u201d\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5728\u5211\u6cd5\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u53f8\u6cd5\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6de1\u5316\u201c\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3010\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u3011\u8ba4\u5b9a\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1b\u4e0d\u6cd5\uff1b\u6b63\u72af\uff1b\u56e0\u679c\u6027\uff1b\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e00\u3001\u4f20\u7edf\u8ba4\u5b9a\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u7f3a\u9677<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u6309\u7167\u6211\u56fd\u4f20\u7edf\u5211\u6cd5\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u6210\u7acb\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u5fc5\u987b\u5177\u5907\u4e09\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u201c\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8fbe\u5230\u5211\u4e8b\u8d23\u4efb\u5e74\u9f84\u3001\u5177\u6709\u5211\u4e8b\u8d23\u4efb\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u7684\u4eba\u6216\u8005\u5355\u4f4d\u201d\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u201c\u6784\u6210\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u5fc5\u987b\u4e8c\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5177\u6709\u5171\u540c\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u884c\u4e3a\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u5404\u884c\u4e3a\u4eba\u6240\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u72af\u7f6a\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6784\u6210\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u201d\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u201c\u6784\u6210\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u5fc5\u987b\u4e8c\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5177\u6709\u5171\u540c\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u6545\u610f\u3002\u201d[1]\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u8ba4\u5b9a\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\uff0c\u4e0d\u533a\u5206\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u7edf\u4e00\u786e\u5b9a\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u6210\u7acb\u6761\u4ef6\uff1b\u7b26\u5408\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u6210\u7acb\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e3a\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\uff1b\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u4e2d\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u4eba\u4fbf\u662f\u5171\u72af\u4eba\u3002[2]\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u7279\u70b9\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u4e0d\u533a\u5206\u4e0d\u6cd5\u4e0e\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u6df7\u5408\u8ba4\u5b9a\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u662f\u5426\u6210\u7acb\u3002\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e09\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u8d23\u4efb\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u662f\u8fdd\u6cd5\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u53c8\u662f\u8d23\u4efb\u6761\u4ef6\u3002[3]\u4e8c\u662f\u4e0d\u533a\u5206\u6b63\u72af\u4e0e\u72ed\u4e49\u7684\u5171\u72af\uff0c\u6574\u4f53\u8ba4\u5b9a\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u662f\u5426\u6210\u7acb\u3002\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e09\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u662f\u4e8c\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e0a\u662f\u5426\u6210\u7acb\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u786e\u5b9a\u6b63\u72af\u540e\uff0c\u8ba8\u8bba\u54ea\u4e9b\u4eba\u6210\u7acb\u72ed\u4e49\u7684\u5171\u72af\uff08\u6559\u5506\u72af\u4e0e\u5e2e\u52a9\u72af\uff09\u3002\u4e09\u662f\u4ec5\u5224\u65ad\u5171\u72af\u4eba\u662f\u5426\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e86\u5171\u540c\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5206\u522b\u8003\u5bdf\u5171\u72af\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u5426\u5177\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u6027\uff0c[4]\u62bd\u8c61\u8ba4\u5b9a\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u662f\u5426\u6210\u7acb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u6df7\u5408\u8ba4\u5b9a\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u7f3a\u9677<\/p>\n<p>\u6df7\u5408\u8ba4\u5b9a\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\uff0c\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u540c\u65f6\u5728\u4e0d\u6cd5\u4e0e\u8d23\u4efb\u5c42\u9762\u8ba4\u5b9a\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5148\u5224\u65ad\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u518d\u5224\u65ad\u4e0d\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8ba4\u5b9a\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b58\u5728\u660e\u663e\u7f3a\u9677\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1.\u4e0d\u5229\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u6ca1\u6709\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u4eba\u53c2\u4e0e\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u6848\u4ef6<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b1\uff1a15\u5468\u5c81\u7684\u7532\u5165\u6237\u76d7\u7a83\u65f6\uff0c\u8bf717\u5468\u5c81\u7684\u4e59\u4e3a\u5176\u671b\u98ce\u3002\u5728\u4e59\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e0b\uff0c\u7532\u987a\u5229\u7a83\u53d6\u4e86\u4e19\u76842\u4e07\u5143\u73b0\u91d1\u3002\u6309\u7167\u901a\u8bf4\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u7532\u6ca1\u6709\u8fbe\u5230\u8d23\u4efb\u5e74\u9f84\uff0c\u6545\u7532\u4e0e\u4e59\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e59\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ee5\u5171\u72af\u8bba\u5904\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ed3\u8bba\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u4eba\u63a5\u53d7\u3002\u65e2\u7136\u4e59\u4e3a16\u5468\u5c81\u7684\u76d7\u7a83\u72af\u671b\u98ce\u5e94\u4ee5\u76d7\u7a83\u7f6a\u8bba\u5904\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5f53\u5176\u4e3a15\u5468\u5c81\u7684\u4eba\u671b\u98ce\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e94\u4ee5\u76d7\u7a83\u7f6a\u8bba\u5904\u3002\u6216\u8bb8\u6709\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e59\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u4ee5\u5355\u4e2a\u4eba\u72af\u76d7\u7a83\u7f6a\u8bba\u5904\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5176\u4e00\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e59\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u6b63\u72af\u8bba\u5904\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e59\u6ca1\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u5b9e\u65bd\u5c06\u4e19\u5360\u6709\u7684\u8d22\u7269\u8f6c\u79fb\u7ed9\u81ea\u5df1\u6216\u7b2c\u4e09\u8005\u5360\u6709\u7684\u5b9e\u884c\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5176\u671b\u98ce\u884c\u4e3a\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u76d7\u7a83\u7f6a\u76f4\u63a5\u6b63\u72af\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u5176\u4e8c\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e59\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4ee5\u95f4\u63a5\u6b63\u72af\u8bba\u5904\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u53ea\u6709\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5e55\u540e\u4eba\u63a7\u5236\u6216\u8005\u652f\u914d\u4e86\u6784\u6210\u8981\u4ef6\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u624d\u662f\u95f4\u63a5\u6b63\u72af\u3002[5]\u4e59\u5e94\u9080\u4e3a\u7532\u671b\u98ce\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u7acb\u95f4\u63a5\u6b63\u72af\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u5229\u4e8e\u5171\u72af\u7684\u8ba4\u5b9a\u3002\u5f53\u76f4\u63a5\u5b9e\u65bd\u6784\u6210\u8981\u4ef6\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u4eba\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8d23\u4efb\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u8fdd\u6cd5\u6027\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3001\u671f\u5f85\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u7b49\u5176\u4ed6\u8d23\u4efb\u8981\u7d20\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2.\u4e0d\u5229\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u4ed6\u4eba\u53c2\u4e0e\u672c\u72af\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u7f5a\u7684\u4e8b\u540e\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u6848\u4ef6<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b2\uff1a\u672c\u72af\u7532\u76d7\u7a83\u5927\u578b\u8d43\u7269\u540e\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7279\u6b8a\u5de5\u5177\u5206\u5272\u8d43\u7269\u4ee5\u4fbf\u7a9d\u85cf\uff1b\u4e59\u77e5\u9053\u771f\u76f8\u5374\u5c06\u7279\u6b8a\u5de5\u5177\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ed9\u7532\uff0c\u7532\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u5de5\u5177\u987a\u5229\u5206\u5272\u3001\u7a9d\u85cf\u4e86\u8d43\u7269\u3002\u4e59\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u5426\u6210\u7acb\u8d43\u7269\u72af\u7f6a\uff1f\u6309\u7167\u4f20\u7edf\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u672c\u72af\u4e0d\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u8d43\u7269\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u4e59\u4e0e\u7532\u4e0d\u6784\u6210\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u3002\u4e59\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u8d43\u7269\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u5b9e\u884c\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u6545\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb\u8d43\u7269\u72af\u7f6a\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ed3\u8bba\u96be\u4ee5\u88ab\u4eba\u63a5\u53d7\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u672c\u6587\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u96be\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u8ba4\u5b9a\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u96be\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6848\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u5c06\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u533a\u5206\u4e3a\u4e0d\u6cd5\u4e0e\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0d\u6cd5\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u8d23\u4efb\u5224\u65ad\u5728\u524d\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8d23\u4efb\u662f\u5bf9\u4e0d\u6cd5\u7684\u975e\u96be\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5355\u7eaf\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5355\u7eaf\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u610f\u5fd7\u6216\u8005\u884c\u52a8\u8ba1\u5212\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e0d\u6cd5\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5224\u65ad\u6709\u65e0\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f8\u53cd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u6574\u4f53\u8ba4\u5b9a\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u7f3a\u9677<\/p>\n<p>\u6574\u4f53\u8ba4\u5b9a\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\uff0c\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u5c06\u4e8c\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6574\u4f53\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u5224\u65ad\u8be5\u6574\u4f53\u662f\u5426\u6210\u7acb\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u540c\u65f6\u786e\u5b9a\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff1b\u5f97\u51fa\u6210\u7acb\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5bf9\u5404\u5171\u72af\u4eba\u6309\u7167\u8be5\u72af\u7f6a\u5b9a\u7f6a\uff0c\u63a5\u7740\u518d\u8003\u8651\u5171\u72af\u4eba\u5728\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u4e2d\u6240\u8d77\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5e76\u4f9d\u6b64\u91cf\u5211\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8ba4\u5b9a\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b58\u5728\u8bf8\u591a\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1.\u96be\u4ee5\u5224\u65ad\u201c\u5171\u540c\u7684\u201d\u72af\u7f6a\u884c\u4e3a<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u90e8\u5206\u5171\u540c\u6b63\u72af\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff08\u5982\u53c2\u4e0e\u4eba\u5747\u624b\u6301\u51f6\u5668\u5bf9\u88ab\u5bb3\u4eba\u5b9e\u65bd\u4f24\u5bb3\u884c\u4e3a\uff09\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u5bb9\u6613\u8ba4\u5b9a\u53c2\u4e0e\u4eba\u5b58\u5728\u5171\u540c\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u5171\u72af\u4eba\u4ee5\u6559\u5506\u3001\u5e2e\u52a9\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53c2\u4e0e\u72af\u7f6a\u65f6\uff0c\u5219\u96be\u4ee5\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u5171\u540c\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u201c\u5171\u540c\u201d\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u201c\u76f8\u540c\u201d\u7684\u610f\u601d\u3002\u800c\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u8ba4\u5b9a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ece\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8ba4\u5b9a\u5230\u89c4\u8303\u8bc4\u4ef7\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5982\u82e5\u5728\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8ba4\u5b9a\u9636\u6bb5\u5c31\u5426\u5b9a\u4e86\u5171\u540c\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e3a\u5171\u72af\u3002\u6b63\u72af\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u7b26\u5408\u5206\u5219\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6784\u6210\u8981\u4ef6\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u800c\u6559\u5506\u884c\u4e3a\u3001\u5e2e\u52a9\u884c\u4e3a\u5219\u4e0d\u662f\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5e2e\u52a9\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5b9a\u578b\u6027\u800c\u4e0e\u6b63\u72af\u884c\u4e3a\u5b58\u5728\u660e\u663e\u533a\u522b\uff1b\u770b\u4f3c\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u7acb\u5e2e\u52a9\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5f88\u96be\u8ba4\u5b9a\u5e2e\u52a9\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u6b63\u72af\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b3\uff1a\u7532\u5750\u4e0a\u4e59\u9a7e\u9a76\u7684\u51fa\u79df\u8f66\u540e\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u524d\u65b9\u4e19\u5973\u624b\u4e0a\u63d0\u7740\u5305\uff0c\u5c31\u8ba9\u4e59\u9760\u8fd1\u4e19\u884c\u9a76\u3002\u4e59\u77e5\u9053\u7532\u7684\u7528\u610f\uff0c\u4f9d\u7136\u9760\u8fd1\u4e19\u884c\u9a76\u3002\u7532\u593a\u5f97\u4e19\u7684\u63d0\u5305\u540e\uff0c\u8ba9\u4e59\u52a0\u901f\uff0c\u4e59\u7acb\u5373\u63d0\u901f\u5e76\u5c06\u7532\u9001\u5f80\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u3002\u5728\u672c\u6848\u4e2d\uff0c\u96be\u4ee5\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e59\u4e0e\u7532\u6709\u201c\u5171\u540c\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u884c\u4e3a\u201d\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u79bb\u5f00\u7532\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5b64\u7acb\u5730\u5224\u65ad\u4e59\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u65f6\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f97\u51fa\u4e59\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e86\u201c\u72af\u7f6a\u884c\u4e3a\u201d\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u80fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e59\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u662f\u6b63\u5f53\u4e1a\u52a1\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u8ba4\u5b9a\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5faa\u73af\u8bba\u8bc1\uff1a\u5728\u80af\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e59\u662f\u5171\u72af\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u624d\u8bf4\u4e59\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u72af\u7f6a\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u4ec0\u4e48\u7406\u7531\u80af\u5b9a\u4e59\u662f\u5171\u72af\uff1f\u53c8\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u8bf4\u4e59\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e86\u72af\u7f6a\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2.\u96be\u4ee5\u8ba4\u5b9a\u201c\u5171\u540c\u7684\u201d\u6545\u610f<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b4\uff1a\u7532\u5411\u4e59\u63d0\u8bae\u201c\u6536\u62fe\u4e19\u201d\uff0c\u4e59\u540c\u610f\u5e76\u4e0e\u7532\u5171\u540c\u5bf9\u4e19\u5b9e\u65bd\u66b4\u529b\uff0c\u81f4\u4e19\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002\u4e8b\u540e\u67e5\u660e\uff0c\u7532\u6709\u6740\u4eba\u6545\u610f\uff0c\u4e59\u4ec5\u6709\u4f24\u5bb3\u6545\u610f\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u7684\u6545\u610f\u5185\u5bb9\u5e76\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u901a\u8bf4\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u5982\u679c\u5b9e\u65bd\u72af\u7f6a\u65f6\u6545\u610f\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5c31\u80cc\u79bb\u4e86\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u6545\u610f\u7684\u672c\u610f\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u6784\u6210\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u4e00\u4eba\u57fa\u4e8e\u4f24\u5bb3\u7684\u6545\u610f\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4eba\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u6740\u4eba\u7684\u6545\u610f\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5148\u540e\u6216\u540c\u65f6\u5bf9\u540c\u4e00\u5bf9\u8c61\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u89c6\u4e3a\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u6309\u7167\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u7f6a\u8fc7\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u5206\u522b\u5904\u7406\u3002\u201d[6]\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u5018\u82e5\u4e0d\u5c06\u672c\u6848\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e3a\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\uff0c\u53c8\u4e0d\u80fd\u67e5\u660e\u662f\u8c01\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u76f4\u63a5\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u88ab\u5bb3\u4eba\u6b7b\u4ea1\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u53ea\u80fd\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e8c\u4eba\u5206\u522b\u6210\u7acb\u6545\u610f\u6740\u4eba\u672a\u9042\u4e0e\u6545\u610f\u4f24\u5bb3\u672a\u9042\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ed3\u8bba\u5e76\u4e0d\u59a5\u5f53\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u672c\u65e8\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u672c\u6587\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u65e2\u5426\u8ba4\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\uff0c\u53c8\u5f3a\u884c\u8ba9\u7532\u3001\u4e59\u5747\u5bf9\u6b7b\u4ea1\u8d1f\u8d23\uff0c\u5219\u8fdd\u53cd\u5b58\u7591\u65f6\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u88ab\u544a\u7684\u539f\u5219\u3002\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5c06\u7532\u3001\u4e59\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e3a\u5171\u540c\u6b63\u72af\uff1b\u624d\u80fd\u4f7f\u6848\u4ef6\u5f97\u5230\u59a5\u5f53\u5904\u7406\u3002\u901a\u8bf4\u663e\u7136\u6ca1\u6709\u4e3a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u6848\u4ef6\u63d0\u4f9b\u5904\u7406\u6839\u636e\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e00\u8d77\u5177\u4f53\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u65e2\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6545\u610f\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6545\u610f\uff1b\u8981\u6c42\u6545\u610f\u5185\u5bb9\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5fc5\u7136\u5bfc\u81f4\u8bb8\u591a\u6848\u4ef6\u96be\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u59a5\u5f53\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u901a\u8bf4\u8fd8\u81ea\u76f8\u77db\u76fe\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u901a\u8bf4\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u201c\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u6545\u610f\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u2026\u2026\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u4eba\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eba\u4e92\u76f8\u914d\u5408\u5171\u540c\u5b9e\u65bd\u72af\u7f6a\u201d\uff1b\u540c\u65f6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5728\u7247\u9762\u5e2e\u52a9\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\uff0c\u201c\u7531\u4e8e\u6bd5\u7adf\u5e2e\u52a9\u4ed6\u4eba\u72af\u7f6a\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u4ee5\u4ece\u72af\u5904\u7406\u4e3a\u5b9c\u201d\u3002[7]\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u7247\u9762\u5e2e\u52a9\u7684\u573a\u5408\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5e2e\u52a9\u72af\u4e3b\u52a8\u914d\u5408\u6b63\u72af\uff0c\u800c\u6b63\u72af\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u914d\u5408\u5e2e\u52a9\u72af\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u201c\u76f8\u4e92\u914d\u5408\u201d\u7684\u8981\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>3.\u96be\u4ee5\u8ba4\u5b9a\u8eab\u4efd\u72af\u7684\u5171\u72af<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b5\uff1a\u666e\u901a\u516c\u6c11\u4e59\u5506\u4f7f\u56fd\u6709\u516c\u53f8\u51fa\u7eb3\u7532\u5c06\u516c\u53f8\u4fdd\u9669\u67dc\u5185\u7684\u73b0\u91d1\u636e\u4e3a\u5df1\u6709\u3002\u67d0\u65e5\u6df1\u591c\uff0c\u4e8c\u4eba\u5230\u8fbe\u73b0\u573a\uff0c\u4e59\u64ac\u5f00\u8d22\u52a1\u5ba4\u94c1\u95e8\uff0c\u7532\u7528\u5176\u638c\u7ba1\u7684\u94a5\u5319\u6253\u5f00\u4fdd\u9669\u67dc\uff0c\u53d6\u8d70\u4e8610\u4e07\u5143\u73b0\u91d1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u8ba4\u5b9a\u65b9\u6cd5\u8981\u6c42\u4e8c\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5177\u6709\u5171\u540c\u6545\u610f\u4e0e\u5171\u540c\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5f53\u4e8c\u4eba\u53c2\u4e0e\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u662f\u8eab\u4efd\u72af\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u4e2d\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4eba\u5177\u5907\u8eab\u4efd\u65f6\uff0c\u6709\u8eab\u4efd\u8005\u5229\u7528\u5176\u8eab\u4efd\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u65e0\u8eab\u4efd\u8005\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u51fa\u73b0\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e0a\u7684\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u4e5f\u6b63\u56e0\u4e3a\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u56fd\u5211\u6cd5\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u53f8\u6cd5\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e00\u76f4\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4f8b5\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6848\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e94\u5982\u4f55\u786e\u5b9a\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff1f\u53f8\u6cd5\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u662f\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u6309\u7167\u4e3b\u72af\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7279\u5f81\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u3002[8]\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u5b58\u5728\u660e\u663e\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\uff1a\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u56fd\uff0c\u884c\u4e3a\u4eba\u5728\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u4e2d\u6240\u8d77\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u91cf\u5211\u7684\u4f9d\u636e\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5b9a\u7f6a\u7684\u4f9d\u636e\uff1b\u53f8\u6cd5\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u5bfc\u81f4\u5148\u786e\u5b9a\u91cf\u5211\u60c5\u8282\u540e\u8ba4\u5b9a\u72af\u7f6a\u6027\u8d28\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u65e0\u8eab\u4efd\u8005\u4e0e\u6709\u8eab\u4efd\u8005\u5728\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u4e2d\u90fd\u8d77\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4fbf\u65e0\u6cd5\u786e\u5b9a\u7f6a\u540d\u3002\u5728\u4f8b5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f88\u96be\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e8c\u4eba\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u6709\u660e\u663e\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u5211\u6cd5\u7406\u8bba\u867d\u7136\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5e94\u5f53\u4ee5\u6b63\u72af\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6027\u8d28\u786e\u5b9a\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u6574\u4f53\u8ba4\u5b9a\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u610f\u5473\u7740\u975e\u8eab\u4efd\u8005\u4e0e\u8eab\u4efd\u8005\u7684\u7f6a\u540d\u5fc5\u987b\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5176\u7ed3\u8bba\u660e\u663e\u4e0d\u5f53\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u672c\u6587\u7b2c\u4e8c\u3001\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>4.\u96be\u4ee5\u8d2f\u5f7b\u5171\u72af\u4ece\u5c5e\u6027\u539f\u7406<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u4e0e\u6b63\u72af\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5171\u72af\u7684\u5904\u7f5a\u6839\u636e\u5728\u4e8e\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u6cd5\u76ca\u4fb5\u5bb3\u7684\u5371\u9669\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u8ba4\u540c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5171\u72af\u7684\u5904\u7f5a\u6839\u636e\u4e0e\u6b63\u72af\u7684\u5904\u7f5a\u6839\u636e\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5171\u72af\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u9636\u6bb5\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u672a\u9042\u72af\u5904\u7f5a\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u56de\u7b54\uff0c\u4e0e\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6b63\u72af\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u9636\u6bb5\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u672a\u9042\u72af\u5904\u7f5a\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u56de\u7b54\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u3002\u201d[9]\u5982\u540e\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5904\u7f5a\u5171\u72af\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5171\u72af\u901a\u8fc7\u4fc3\u4f7f\u6216\u8005\u5e2e\u52a9\u6b63\u72af\u5b9e\u65bd\u5b9e\u884c\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u53c2\u4e0e\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u6cd5\u76ca\u4fb5\u5bb3\u7ed3\u679c\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5371\u9669\uff09\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5c06\u6b63\u72af\u7740\u624b\u5b9e\u884c\u72af\u7f6a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5904\u7f5a\u5171\u72af\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5b9e\u5c5e\u7406\u6240\u5f53\u7136\u3002[10]\u4ea6\u5373\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u6b63\u72af\u7740\u624b\u5b9e\u884c\u72af\u7f6a\uff0c\u4f7f\u6cd5\u76ca\u906d\u53d7\u7d27\u8feb\u5371\u9669\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5904\u7f5a\u6559\u5506\u72af\u3001\u5e2e\u52a9\u72af\u3002\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u5171\u72af\u4ece\u5c5e\u6027\u8bf4\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002\u575a\u6301\u5171\u72af\u4ece\u5c5e\u6027\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f7f\u7f6a\u5211\u6cd5\u5b9a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5f97\u4ee5\u575a\u6301\uff0c\u6784\u6210\u8981\u4ef6\u7684\u673a\u80fd\u5f97\u4ee5\u7ef4\u62a4\uff0c\u5171\u72af\u7684\u5904\u7f5a\u754c\u9650\u5f97\u4ee5\u660e\u786e\uff1b\u4f1a\u201c\u907f\u514d\u5211\u6cd5\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u4e0e\u7ed3\u679c\u5177\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u90fd\u89c6\u4e3a\u72ed\u4e49\u7684\u5171\u72af\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u9020\u6210\u5211\u6cd5\u754c\u9650\u4e4b\u8fc7\u5ea6\u6cdb\u6ee5\uff0c\u4e25\u91cd\u7834\u574f\u6cd5\u7684\u5b89\u5b9a\u6027\u201d\u3002[11]\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u575a\u6301\u5171\u72af\u4ece\u5c5e\u6027\u8bf4\uff0c\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u9632\u6b62\u5904\u7f5a\u4e0d\u5f53\u7f5a\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f53\u6559\u5506\u8005\u53ea\u662f\u8bf4\u4e86\u4e00\u53e5\u201c\u6740\u6b7b\u67d0\u4eba\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5bf9\u65b9\u5b8c\u5168\u9ed8\u8ba4\uff0c\u4f46\u4ec5\u6b64\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u5904\u7f5a\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u3002[12]\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u88ab\u6559\u5506\u8005\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9e\u65bd\u5a01\u80c1\u6cd5\u76ca\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u65f6\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4e0d\u5904\u7f5a\u6559\u5506\u8005\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u56fd\u6c11\u7684\u5e73\u7a33\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u5f53\u4e59\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u628a\u5200\u7ed9\u7532\uff0c\u4f46\u7532\u6ca1\u6709\u4f7f\u7528\u5200\u5b9e\u884c\u72af\u7f6a\u65f6\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e59\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5e94\u4ee5\u72af\u7f6a\u8bba\u5904\u3002\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u6b63\u5f53\u884c\u4e3a\u90fd\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u53f8\u6cd5\u673a\u5173\u7684\u6000\u7591\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4fb5\u5bb3\u56fd\u6c11\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u5171\u72af\u4ece\u5c5e\u6027\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u6211\u56fd\u5211\u6cd5\u5206\u5219\u6709\u5173\u5171\u72af\u884c\u4e3a\u6b63\u72af\u5316\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6839\u636e\u3002[13]\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6574\u4f53\u5730\u8ba4\u5b9a\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\uff0c\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5148\u5224\u65ad\u8c01\u662f\u6b63\u72af\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6574\u4f53\u5730\u5224\u65ad\u8c01\u548c\u8c01\u6210\u7acb\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4fbf\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u8d2f\u5f7b\u5171\u72af\u4ece\u5c5e\u6027\u539f\u7406\u3002\u6211\u56fd\u53f8\u6cd5\u673a\u5173\u7ecf\u5e38\u5bf9\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u6848\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6848\u5ba1\u7406\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5148\u5ba1\u7406\u5e2e\u52a9\u72af\uff0c\u518d\u5c06\u5e2e\u52a9\u72af\u7684\u6210\u7acb\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8ba4\u5b9a\u6b63\u72af\u7684\u4f9d\u636e\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u672c\u672b\u5012\u7f6e\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4ee5\u5171\u72af\u4ece\u5c5e\u6027\u4e3a\u524d\u63d0\uff0c\u4e5f\u5bb9\u6613\u9020\u6210\u51a4\u5047\u9519\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u96be\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u8ba4\u5b9a\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5b58\u5728\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6ca1\u6709\u4ee5\u6b63\u72af\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8ba4\u5b9a\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u3002[14]\u6574\u4f53\u8ba4\u5b9a\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u601d\u8def\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4eba\u4eec\u601d\u8003\u3001\u63d0\u51fa\u548c\u56de\u7b54\u4e00\u4e9b\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u5f71\u54cd\u5bf9\u53c2\u4e0e\u4eba\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u8ba4\u5b9a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5f53\u67d0\u4eba\u8bf4\u7532\u4e0e\u4e59\u6784\u6210\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u65f6\uff0c\u5bf9\u65b9\u4e00\u822c\u4f1a\u95ee\uff1a\u201c\u7532\u4e0e\u4e59\u6784\u6210\u4f55\u79cd\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\uff1f\u201d\u6216\u8005\u4f1a\u95ee\uff1a\u201c\u7532\u4e0e\u4e59\u7684\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u201d\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5b9a\u7f6a\u7684\u56f0\u96be\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b6\uff1a\u7532\u3001\u4e59\u4e0e\u4e19\u5973\u5171\u8c0b\u52d2\u7d22\u8d22\u7269\u3002\u7531\u4e19\u5973\u5047\u88c5\u5356\u6deb\u52fe\u5f15\u88ab\u5bb3\u4eba\u540e\uff0c\u7532\u3001\u4e59\u7acb\u5373\u5230\u73b0\u573a\uff0c\u4e19\u5973\u8fc5\u901f\u79bb\u5f00\uff0c\u7532\u3001\u4e59\u5411\u88ab\u5bb3\u4eba\u52d2\u7d22\u8d22\u7269\u3002\u5728\u88ab\u5bb3\u4eba\u8bc6\u7834\u771f\u76f8\u540e\uff0c\u7532\u3001\u4e59\u4f7f\u7528\u66b4\u529b\u62a2\u52ab\u88ab\u5bb3\u4eba\u7684\u8d22\u7269\u3002\u5018\u82e5\u8981\u95ee\uff1a\u201c\u7532\u3001\u4e59\u3001\u4e19\u6784\u6210\u4ec0\u4e48\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\uff1f\u201d\u7ed3\u5c40\u662f\uff0c\u65e2\u4e0d\u80fd\u56de\u7b54\u6784\u6210\u62a2\u52ab\u7f6a\u7684\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u56de\u7b54\u6784\u6210\u6572\u8bc8\u52d2\u7d22\u7f6a\u7684\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u62bd\u8c61\u8ba4\u5b9a\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u7f3a\u9677<\/p>\n<p>\u62bd\u8c61\u5224\u65ad\u53c2\u4e0e\u4eba\u662f\u5426\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e86\u6240\u8c13\u72af\u7f6a\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5177\u4f53\u8003\u5bdf\u5176\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u5426\u5177\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u8ba4\u5b9a\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u4e0d\u5f53\u6269\u5927\u4e86\u5171\u72af\u7684\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u4e0d\u5f53\u6269\u5927\u4e86\u65e2\u9042\u72af\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1.\u4e0d\u5f53\u6269\u5927\u5171\u72af\u7684\u5904\u7f5a\u8303\u56f4<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b7\uff1a\u7532\u6f5c\u5165\u4e19\u5bb6\u76d7\u7a83\u65f6\uff0c\u6070\u597d\u88ab\u4e59\u53d1\u73b0\u3002\u4e59\u77e5\u9053\u7532\u4f1a\u76d7\u7a83\uff0c\u5c31\u4e3b\u52a8\u4e3a\u7532\u671b\u98ce\uff0c\u4f46\u7532\u5bf9\u6b64\u5e76\u4e0d\u77e5\u60c5\uff0c\u4e59\u7684\u671b\u98ce\u884c\u4e3a\u5728\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e0a\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5bf9\u7532\u7684\u76d7\u7a83\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u6309\u7167\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u8ba4\u5b9a\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e59\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e86\u5e2e\u52a9\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e14\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9\u6545\u610f\uff0c\u6210\u7acb\u76d7\u7a83\u7f6a\u7684\u5171\u72af\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u4f8b7\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e59\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u7532\u7a83\u53d6\u4ed6\u4eba\u8d22\u7269\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u6ca1\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u6027\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u4fc3\u8fdb\u7532\u7684\u76d7\u7a83\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u5c06\u4e59\u4ee5\u76d7\u7a83\u7f6a\u7684\u5171\u72af\u8bba\u5904\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u6839\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2.\u4e0d\u5f53\u6269\u5927\u65e2\u9042\u72af\u7684\u5904\u7f5a\u8303\u56f4<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u4e24\u79cd\u60c5\u5f62\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u5145\u5206\u8003\u8651\u5171\u72af\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u6b63\u72af\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u5426\u5177\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u6027\uff1b\u4e8c\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u5145\u5206\u8003\u8651\u5171\u72af\u8131\u79bb\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b8\uff1a\u7532\u610f\u6b32\u76d7\u7a83\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u6c7d\u8f66\uff0c\u8ba9\u4e59\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7528\u4e8e\u76d7\u7a83\u6c7d\u8f66\u7684\u94a5\u5319\uff0c\u4f46\u7532\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u4e59\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u94a5\u5319\u65f6\uff0c\u5374\u4e0d\u80fd\u6253\u5f00\u8f66\u95e8\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u7532\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u6cd5\u76d7\u8d70\u4e86\u6c7d\u8f66\u3002\u6309\u7167\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u8ba4\u5b9a\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e59\u4e0e\u7532\u6709\u76d7\u7a83\u7684\u5171\u540c\u6545\u610f\u548c\u5171\u540c\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u6210\u7acb\u76d7\u7a83\u7f6a\u7684\u5171\u72af\uff0c\u4e59\u5bf9\u76d7\u8d70\u6c7d\u8f66\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u627f\u62c5\u5211\u4e8b\u8d23\u4efb\u3002[15]\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u4e59\u867d\u7136\u5bf9\u7532\u76d7\u7a83\u6c7d\u8f66\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e86\u5e2e\u52a9\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5e2e\u52a9\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u7532\u76d7\u7a83\u65e2\u9042\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u65e2\u6ca1\u6709\u7269\u7406\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6027\uff1b\u8ba9\u4e59\u627f\u62c5\u76d7\u7a83\u65e2\u9042\u7684\u5211\u4e8b\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u660e\u663e\u4e0d\u5f53\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b9\uff1a\u201c\u7532\u3001\u4e59\u5171\u8c0b\u6740\u5bb3\u4e19\uff0c\u76f8\u7ea6\u7fcc\u65e5\u5230\u4e19\u5bb6\u5171\u540c\u5c06\u4e19\u6740\u6b7b\uff1b\u7532\u5982\u671f\u5230\u4e19\u5bb6\uff0c\u800c\u4e59\u672a\u53bb\uff0c\u7532\u4e00\u4eba\u5c06\u4e19\u6740\u6b7b\u3002\u201d\u901a\u8bf4\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u5171\u8c0b\u2026\u2026\u662f\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u9884\u5907\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5171\u8c0b\u800c\u672a\u5b9e\u884c\u8005\u65e0\u7591\u4ea6\u5177\u5907\u6210\u7acb\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u4e3b\u5ba2\u89c2\u8981\u4ef6\u3002\u2026\u2026\u7532\u4e00\u4eba\u6740\u6b7b\u4e19\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u4e59\u53c2\u4e0e\u5bc6\u8c0b\u6740\u4eba\u662f\u5bc6\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u7684\uff0c\u4e59\u540c\u6837\u5e94\u8d1f\u6740\u4eba\u7f6a\u65e2\u9042\u7684\u7f6a\u8d23\u3002\u201d[16]\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u901a\u8bf4\u662f\u4ee5\u5171\u8c0b\u5c5e\u4e8e\u9884\u5907\u884c\u4e3a\u56e0\u800c\u662f\u72af\u7f6a\u884c\u4e3a\u4e3a\u7531\uff0c\u6765\u8bba\u8bc1\u4e59\u5e94\u5f53\u8d1f\u6740\u4eba\u65e2\u9042\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6740\u4eba\u9884\u5907\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u81f4\u4eba\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5728\u4f8b9\u4e2d\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e59\u662f\u5426\u8131\u79bb\u4e86\u5171\u72af\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4ea6\u5373\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8003\u5bdf\u4e59\u5148\u524d\u4e0e\u7532\u5171\u8c0b\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e19\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u5426\u5177\u6709\u7269\u7406\u7684\u6216\u8005\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u901a\u8bf4\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u96be\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u8ba4\u5b9a\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u80fd\u5bf9\u4f8b7\u3001\u4f8b8\u5f97\u51fa\u6b63\u786e\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u4e5f\u96be\u4ee5\u5bf9\u4f8b9\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u60c5\u5f62\u5f97\u51fa\u59a5\u5f53\u7ed3\u8bba\u548c\u63d0\u51fa\u9002\u5f53\u7406\u7531\uff0c[17]\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5176\u53ea\u662f\u62bd\u8c61\u5730\u5224\u65ad\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u6210\u7acb\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u5177\u4f53\u8003\u5bdf\u5404\u5171\u72af\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9488\u5bf9\u4f20\u7edf\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u5c31\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u8ba4\u5b9a\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4ee5\u4e0d\u6cd5\u4e3a\u91cd\u5fc3\u3001\u4ee5\u6b63\u72af\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3001\u4ee5\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e8c\u3001\u4ee5\u4e0d\u6cd5\u4e3a\u91cd\u5fc3<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u662f\u4e0d\u6cd5\u5f62\u6001\u3002[18]\u5904\u7406\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u6848\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u9996\u5148\u4ece\u4e0d\u6cd5\u5c42\u9762\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u6210\u7acb\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\uff1b[19]\u7136\u540e\u4ece\u8d23\u4efb\u5c42\u9762\u4e2a\u522b\u5730\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u5404\u53c2\u4e0e\u4eba\u662f\u5426\u5177\u6709\u8d23\u4efb\u4ee5\u53ca\u5177\u6709\u4f55\u79cd\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\u53ea\u662f\u8868\u73b0\u5728\u4e0d\u6cd5\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u4e0e\u7406\u8bba\u53ea\u662f\u89e3\u51b3\u4e0d\u6cd5\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1b\u5728\u8d23\u4efb\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u4e0e\u5355\u4e2a\u4eba\u72af\u7f6a\u6ca1\u6709\u533a\u522b\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5\u4e0d\u6cd5\u4e3a\u91cd\u5fc3\u8ba4\u5b9a\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ece\u5b9e\u8d28\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u8fdb\u884c\u8003\u5bdf\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5177\u5907\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u88ab\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e3a\u72af\u7f6a\uff1a\u5176\u4e00\uff0c\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u8fdd\u6cd5\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff08\u8fdd\u6cd5\u6027\uff09\uff1b\u5176\u4e8c\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5c31\u8fdd\u6cd5\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8fdb\u884c\u975e\u96be\uff08\u6709\u8d23\u6027\uff09\u3002\u636e\u6b64\uff0c\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u662f\u8fdd\u6cd5\u6027\u4e0e\u6709\u8d23\u6027\u3002[20]\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5211\u6cd5\u5b9e\u884c\u7f6a\u5211\u6cd5\u5b9a\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u7b26\u5408\u6784\u6210\u8981\u4ef6\u7684\u8fdd\u6cd5\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u8d23\u4efb\u662f\u5bf9\u4e0d\u6cd5\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c[21]\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u7b26\u5408\u6784\u6210\u8981\u4ef6\u7684\u8fdd\u6cd5\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u975e\u96be\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4e0d\u6cd5\u662f\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u3002\u73b0\u5b9e\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u201c\u6ca1\u6709\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u4e0d\u6cd5\u201d\uff08\u884c\u4e3a\u7b26\u5408\u6784\u6210\u8981\u4ef6\u4e14\u8fdd\u6cd5\uff0c\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u8d23\u4efb\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u201c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e0d\u6cd5\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u201d\uff08\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u6784\u6210\u8981\u4ef6\u6216\u8005\u4e0d\u8fdd\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u884c\u4e3a\u4eba\u5374\u6709\u8d23\u4efb\uff09\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u540c\u6837\u7684\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u8ba4\u5b9a\u72af\u7f6a\u5fc5\u987b\u4f9d\u7167\u4ece\u4e0d\u6cd5\u5230\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u6b21\u5e8f\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f8\u53cd\u3002[22]<\/p>\n<p>\u5211\u6cd5\u603b\u5219\u6709\u5173\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u6240\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u5c06\u4e0d\u6cd5\u4e8b\u5b9e\u5f52\u5c5e\u4e8e\u54ea\u4e9b\u53c2\u4e0e\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u5c31\u5177\u4f53\u6848\u4ef6\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e8c\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u5426\u6210\u7acb\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u89e3\u51b3\u4e8c\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e0a\u53c2\u4e0e\u4eba\u7684\u5ba2\u89c2\u5f52\u8d23\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e8c\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u9020\u6210\u6cd5\u76ca\u4fb5\u5bb3\u7ed3\u679c\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5371\u9669\uff09\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u8ba4\u5b9a\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u5c06\u6cd5\u76ca\u4fb5\u5bb3\u7ed3\u679c\u5ba2\u89c2\u5730\u5f52\u5c5e\u4e8e\u53c2\u4e0e\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff08\u4e0d\u8bba\u53c2\u4e0e\u4eba\u662f\u5426\u5177\u6709\u4e3b\u89c2\u8d23\u4efb\uff09\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u5404\u53c2\u4e0e\u4eba\u5bf9\u5f52\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4ed6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u5426\u627f\u62c5\u4e3b\u89c2\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u4e2a\u522b\u5224\u65ad\u3002\u4f46\u53c2\u4e0e\u4eba\u662f\u5426\u5177\u6709\u8d23\u4efb\u4ee5\u53ca\u5177\u6709\u4f55\u79cd\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u5728\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b10\uff1a\u7532\u4e0e\u4e59\u57fa\u4e8e\u610f\u601d\u8054\u7edc\u5171\u540c\u5411\u4e19\u5f00\u67aa\uff0c\u7532\u5c04\u4e2d\u4e19\u7684\u80f8\u90e8\uff0c\u81f4\u4e19\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff1b\u4e59\u5c04\u4e2d\u4e19\u7684\u5927\u817f\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u4e19\u8f7b\u4f24\u3002\u5728\u672c\u6848\u4e2d\u5373\u4f7f\u4e0d\u8003\u5bdf\u4e59\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u8ba4\u5b9a\u7532\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u4e19\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u7532\u82e5\u5177\u5907\u6740\u4eba\u6545\u610f\u7b49\u8d23\u4efb\u8981\u4ef6\uff0c\u4fbf\u6210\u7acb\u6545\u610f\u6740\u4eba\u65e2\u9042\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5018\u82e5\u5355\u72ec\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e59\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u80fd\u5c06\u4e19\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u5f52\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e59\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u4e59\u5177\u5907\u6740\u4eba\u6545\u610f\u7b49\u8d23\u4efb\u8981\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e5f\u4ec5\u6210\u7acb\u6545\u610f\u6740\u4eba\u672a\u9042\uff1b\u5018\u82e5\u4e59\u4ec5\u5177\u6709\u4f24\u5bb3\u7684\u6545\u610f\uff0c\u5219\u4ec5\u6210\u7acb\u6545\u610f\u4f24\u5bb3\uff08\u8f7b\u4f24\uff09\u7f6a\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ed3\u8bba\u660e\u663e\u4e0d\u5f53\u3002\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u4e0e\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5c06\u4e19\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7ed3\u679c\u5ba2\u89c2\u5f52\u8d23\u4e8e\u4e59\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u4ea6\u5373\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e59\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u4e19\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u5177\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u6027\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u4e19\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7ed3\u679c\u4e5f\u8981\u5f52\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e59\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e59\u5177\u5907\u6740\u4eba\u6545\u610f\u7b49\u8d23\u4efb\u8981\u4ef6\uff0c\u4fbf\u6210\u7acb\u6545\u610f\u6740\u4eba\u65e2\u9042\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5018\u82e5\u4e59\u4ec5\u5177\u6709\u4f24\u5bb3\u7684\u6545\u610f\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4e59\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u4e19\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u5177\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u56e0\u4e3a\u7532\u5177\u6709\u6740\u4eba\u6545\u610f\uff0c\u800c\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e59\u6784\u6210\u6545\u610f\u6740\u4eba\u7f6a\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u80fd\u6309\u7167\u4e59\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e3a\u6545\u610f\u4f24\u5bb3\u81f4\u6b7b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u8ba4\u5b9a\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u53ea\u662f\u4e0d\u6cd5\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4ea6\u5373\uff0c\u54ea\u4e9b\u53c2\u4e0e\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u5177\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u636e\u6b64\u5e94\u5f53\u5c06\u7ed3\u679c\u5f52\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5176\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u5404\u53c2\u4e0e\u4eba\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u662f\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u4e0e\u7406\u8bba\u6240\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u65e2\u7136\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u53f8\u6cd5\u5b9e\u8df5\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5\u4e0d\u6cd5\u4e3a\u91cd\u5fc3\u8ba4\u5b9a\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u8fdd\u6cd5\uff08\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\uff09\u662f\u8fde\u5e26\u7684\uff0c\u8d23\u4efb\u662f\u4e2a\u522b\u7684\u201d\u7684\u547d\u9898\uff0c[23]\u4e5f\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u662f\u4e0d\u6cd5\u5f62\u6001\u3002\u5982\u6240\u5468\u77e5\uff0c\u8d23\u4efb\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u8fde\u5e26\u7684\u3002\u201c\u2018\u8d23\u4efb\u2019\u7684\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u5728\u6cd5\u653f\u7b56\u4e0a\u4e0e\u5bf9\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e86\u7b26\u5408\u6784\u6210\u8981\u4ef6\u7684\u8fdd\u6cd5\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u4eba\u79d1\u5904\u4f5c\u4e3a\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u540e\u679c\u7684\u5211\u7f5a\u662f\u5426\u59a5\u5f53\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u76f8\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u201d[24]\u6839\u636e\u8d23\u4efb\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u884c\u4e3a\u7b26\u5408\u6784\u6210\u8981\u4ef6\u4e14\u8fdd\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u5018\u82e5\u884c\u4e3a\u4eba\u6ca1\u6709\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ee5\u72af\u7f6a\u8bba\u5904\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u79d1\u5904\u5211\u7f5a\u3002\u663e\u800c\u6613\u89c1\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u5224\u65ad\u53c2\u4e0e\u4eba\u662f\u5426\u503c\u5f97\u5904\u7f5a\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u4ee5\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53c2\u4e0e\u4eba\u662f\u5426\u5177\u6709\u8d23\u4efb\u4e3a\u6839\u636e\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u56e0\u4e3a\u6b64\u53c2\u4e0e\u4eba\u6709\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u4fbf\u5904\u7f5a\u5f7c\u53c2\u4e0e\u4eba\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u8d23\u4efb\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u8d23\u4efb\u5e74\u9f84\u3001\u6545\u610f\u5185\u5bb9\u3001\u8fdd\u6cd5\u6027\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u4e0e\u671f\u5f85\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u7b49\u8d23\u4efb\u8981\u7d20\uff0c\u90fd\u53ea\u80fd\u8fdb\u884c\u4e2a\u522b\u5224\u65ad\u3002\u53c2\u4e0e\u4eba\u7532\u5177\u6709\u8d23\u4efb\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u53c2\u4e0e\u4eba\u4e59\u4e5f\u5177\u6709\u8d23\u4efb\u80fd\u529b\uff1b\u53c2\u4e0e\u4ebaA\u5177\u6709\u671f\u5f85\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e\u53c2\u4e0e\u4ebaB\u4e5f\u5177\u6709\u671f\u5f85\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002[25]\u5728\u4f8b10\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u8ba4\u5b9a\u7532\u4e0e\u4e59\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5171\u540c\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u4e19\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff08\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e59\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u4e19\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4e4b\u95f4\u5177\u6709\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6027\uff09\uff0c\u4e19\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7ed3\u679c\u5fc5\u987b\u5f52\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e8c\u8005\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u90fd\u662f\u8fdd\u6cd5\u7684\uff08\u8fdd\u6cd5\u7684\u8fde\u5e26\u6027\uff09\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u800c\u8ba9\u4e8c\u8005\u90fd\u627f\u62c5\u6545\u610f\u6740\u4eba\u7f6a\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u5206\u522b\u5224\u65ad\u7532\u3001\u4e59\u4e8c\u4eba\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u8981\u7d20\u3002\u5018\u82e5\u7532\u5b8c\u5168\u5177\u5907\u6545\u610f\u6740\u4eba\u7f6a\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u8981\u7d20\uff0c\u800c\u4e59\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u8d23\u4efb\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u60a3\u8005\uff0c\u5219\u7532\u6784\u6210\u6545\u610f\u6740\u4eba\u7f6a\uff0c\u4e59\u65e0\u7f6a\uff08\u8d23\u4efb\u662f\u4e2a\u522b\u7684\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b11\uff1a16\u5468\u5c81\u7684\u7532\u4e0e13\u5468\u5c81\u7684\u4e59\u5171\u540c\u8f6e\u6d41\u5978\u6deb\u4e86\u5e7c\u5973\u4e19\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4e8c\u4eba\u5171\u540c\u5b9e\u884c\u4e0d\u6cd5\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4e19\u906d\u53d7\u8f6e\u6d41\u5978\u6deb\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8981\u5f52\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7532\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8981\u5f52\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e59\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u636e\u6b64\uff0c\u4e8c\u4eba\u6210\u7acb\u8f6e\u5978\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u4e59\u6ca1\u6709\u8fbe\u5230\u8d23\u4efb\u5e74\u9f84\uff0c\u5bf9\u7532\u4e5f\u8981\u4ee5\u8f6e\u5978\u8bba\u5904\u3002[26]\u4e0d\u96be\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u53c2\u4e0e\u4eba\u662f\u5426\u5177\u5907\u8d23\u4efb\u8981\u7d20\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u80fd\u5426\u5c06\u7ed3\u679c\u5f52\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5176\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u662f\u4e0d\u6cd5\u5f62\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b63\u72af\u7684\u5904\u7f5a\u6839\u636e\u4e0e\u5355\u4e2a\u4eba\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u5904\u7f5a\u6839\u636e\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u5728\u5171\u72af\u5904\u7f5a\u6839\u636e\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c\u8d23\u4efb\u5171\u72af\u8bba\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\u4e0e\u56e0\u679c\u5171\u72af\u8bba\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u6b63\u597d\u4e5f\u8bf4\u660e\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u662f\u4e0d\u6cd5\u5f62\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8d23\u4efb\u5171\u72af\u8bba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5171\u72af\u56e0\u4e3a\u5c06\u6b63\u72af\u5f15\u8bf1\u81f3\u8d23\u4efb\u4e0e\u5211\u7f5a\u4e2d\u800c\u53d7\u5904\u7f5a\u3002\u5176\u7ecf\u5178\u8868\u8ff0\u662f\uff0c\u201c\u6b63\u72af\u5b9e\u884c\u4e86\u6740\u4eba\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u6559\u5506\u72af\u5236\u9020\u4e86\u6740\u4eba\u72af\u3002\u201d\u6839\u636e\u8d23\u4efb\u5171\u72af\u8bba\uff0c\u5171\u72af\u7684\u6210\u7acb\u4ee5\u6b63\u72af\u5177\u6709\u6784\u6210\u8981\u4ef6\u7b26\u5408\u6027\u3001\u8fdd\u6cd5\u6027\u3001\u6709\u8d23\u6027\u4e3a\u524d\u63d0\uff08\u6781\u7aef\u4ece\u5c5e\u6027\u8bf4\uff09\u3002\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u8d23\u4efb\u5171\u72af\u8bba\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u662f\u4e0d\u6cd5\u4e14\u6709\u8d23\u7684\u5f62\u6001\u3002\u6839\u636e\u8d23\u4efb\u5171\u72af\u8bba\uff0c\u7532\u5506\u4f7f\u4e59\u91cd\u4f24\u7532\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\uff0c\u4e59\u6210\u7acb\u6545\u610f\u4f24\u5bb3\u7f6a\uff0c\u7532\u6210\u7acb\u6545\u610f\u4f24\u5bb3\u7f6a\u7684\u6559\u5506\u72af\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u660e\u663e\u4e0d\u5f53\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u8d23\u4efb\u5171\u72af\u8bba\uff0c\u5171\u72af\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u6559\u5506\u72af\u7684\u5371\u5bb3\u5728\u4e8e\u4f7f\u88ab\u6559\u5506\u8005\u5815\u843d\u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u88ab\u6559\u5506\u8005\u5b9e\u65bd\u4f55\u79cd\u72af\u7f6a\uff0c\u6559\u5506\u72af\u4fb5\u5bb3\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u88ab\u6559\u5506\u8005\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u540d\u8a89\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5730\u4f4d\u7b49\u7efc\u5408\u6027\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u82e5\u8bf4\u6559\u5506\u72af\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u5815\u843d\u7f6a\u201d\uff0c\u5211\u6cd5\u5c31\u5e94\u5f53\u5bf9\u5176\u89c4\u5b9a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u6cd5\u5b9a\u5211\u3002\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6559\u5506\u72af\u4e0e\u6b63\u72af\u4fb5\u5bb3\u7684\u6cd5\u76ca\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u6545\u610f\u4f24\u5bb3\u7f6a\u7684\u6559\u5506\u72af\u4e0e\u5176\u6b63\u72af\u6240\u4fb5\u5bb3\u7684\u6cd5\u76ca\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u88ab\u5bb3\u4eba\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u5065\u5eb7\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5404\u56fd\u5211\u6cd5\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5bf9\u6559\u5506\u72af\u89c4\u5b9a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u6cd5\u5b9a\u5211\u3002[27]\u8d23\u4efb\u5171\u72af\u8bba\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\u4f7f\u5176\u5b8c\u5168\u8870\u9000\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u5177\u6709\u5b66\u8bf4\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002[28]\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u6ca1\u6709\u5c06\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e0d\u6cd5\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5c06\u4e0d\u6cd5\u4e0e\u8d23\u4efb\u6df7\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u8ba4\u5b9a\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b63\u597d\u6620\u8bc1\u4e86\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u662f\u4e0d\u6cd5\u5f62\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u4eca\u7684\u901a\u8bf4\u4e3a\u56e0\u679c\u5171\u72af\u8bba\u3002[29]\u201c\u56e0\u679c\u5171\u72af\u8bba\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u662f\uff0c\u2018\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5904\u7f5a\u5171\u72af\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5176\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eba\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u6cd5\u76ca\u4fb5\u5bb3\u4e4b\u95f4\u5177\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u2019\uff0c\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u60f9\u8d77\u8bf4\u3002\u4ea6\u5373\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u5171\u72af\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u5c06\u5176\u4ed6\u53c2\u4e0e\u4eba\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5a92\u4ecb\u800c\u95f4\u63a5\u5730\u4fb5\u5bb3\u6cd5\u76ca\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53d7\u4fb5\u5bb3\u7684\u6cd5\u76ca\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5171\u72af\u8005\u81ea\u8eab\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4e5f\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u5e94\u53d7\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u3002\u201d[30]\u5982A\u8bf7\u6c42\u6b63\u72afB\u6740\u5bb3\u81ea\u5df1\uff08A\uff09\uff0c\u6b63\u72afB\u6740\u5bb3A\u672a\u9042\u3002\u867d\u7136A\u7684\u627f\u8bfa\u65e0\u6548\uff0cB\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6210\u7acb\u6545\u610f\u6740\u4eba\u7f6a\uff0c\u4f46\u5211\u6cd5\u5e76\u4e0d\u5c06A\u95f4\u63a5\u4fb5\u5bb3\u81ea\u5df1\u751f\u547d\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4ee5\u72af\u7f6a\u8bba\u5904\uff0c\u6545A\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0d\u53ef\u7f5a\u3002[31]\u56e0\u679c\u5171\u72af\u8bba\u5185\u90e8\u53c8\u5206\u4e3a\u7eaf\u7cb9\u60f9\u8d77\u8bf4\u3001\u6df7\u5408\u60f9\u8d77\u8bf4\u3001\u4fee\u6b63\u60f9\u8d77\u8bf4\uff0c[32]\u4f46\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u5c06\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u7eb3\u5165\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u672c\u6587\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e0e\u5355\u4e2a\u4eba\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u4e5f\u662f\u4fb5\u5bb3\u6cd5\u76ca\u3002\u5355\u72ec\u6b63\u72af\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u76f4\u63a5\u5f15\u8d77\u6cd5\u76ca\u4fb5\u5bb3\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u6b63\u72af\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u5171\u540c\u5f15\u8d77\u6cd5\u76ca\u4fb5\u5bb3\uff0c\u95f4\u63a5\u6b63\u72af\u901a\u8fc7\u652f\u914d\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5f15\u8d77\u6cd5\u76ca\u4fb5\u5bb3\uff0c\u6559\u5506\u72af\u4e0e\u5e2e\u52a9\u72af\u5219\u901a\u8fc7\u6b63\u72af\u95f4\u63a5\u5f15\u8d77\u6cd5\u76ca\u4fb5\u5bb3\u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5171\u72af\u7684\u5904\u7f5a\u6839\u636e\uff0c\u5728\u4e8e\u5171\u72af\u901a\u8fc7\u6b63\u72af\u95f4\u63a5\u5730\u4fb5\u5bb3\u4e86\u6cd5\u76ca\uff0c\u5373\uff0c\u5904\u7f5a\u5171\u72af\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5176\u8bf1\u4f7f\u3001\u4fc3\u6210\u4e86\u6b63\u72af\u76f4\u63a5\u9020\u6210\u7684\u6cd5\u76ca\u4fb5\u5bb3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5171\u72af\u7684\u8fdd\u6cd5\u6027\u7531\u6765\u4e8e\u5171\u72af\u884c\u4e3a\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u8fdd\u6cd5\u6027\u548c\u6b63\u72af\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u8fdd\u6cd5\u6027\u3002\u5171\u72af\u884c\u4e3a\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u8fdd\u6cd5\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6307\u5171\u72af\u884c\u4e3a\u672c\u8eab\u5177\u6709\u884c\u4e3a\u65e0\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6307\u5171\u72af\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u8fdd\u6cd5\u963b\u5374\u4e8b\u7531\uff08\u627f\u8ba4\u8fdd\u6cd5\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u6027\uff09\u3002\u5176\u4e00\uff0c\u6b63\u72af\u5fc5\u987b\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e86\u7b26\u5408\u6784\u6210\u8981\u4ef6\u7684\u8fdd\u6cd5\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5904\u7f5a\u6559\u5506\u8005\u4e0e\u5e2e\u52a9\u8005\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6559\u5506\u672a\u9042\uff08\u6559\u5506\u884c\u4e3a\u5931\u8d25\uff09\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u7f5a\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u672a\u9042\u7684\u6559\u5506\uff08\u88ab\u6559\u5506\u8005\u7740\u624b\u5b9e\u884c\u72af\u7f6a\u800c\u672a\u5f97\u901e\uff09\u5177\u6709\u53ef\u7f5a\u6027\u3002\u5176\u4e8c\uff0c\u5728\u6b63\u72af\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e86\u7b26\u5408\u6784\u6210\u8981\u4ef6\u7684\u8fdd\u6cd5\u884c\u4e3a\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5171\u72af\u6ca1\u6709\u8fdd\u6cd5\u963b\u5374\u4e8b\u7531\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u80af\u5b9a\u5171\u72af\u884c\u4e3a\u4e5f\u662f\u8fdd\u6cd5\u7684\u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6b63\u72af\u4fb5\u72af\u7684\u6cd5\u76ca\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u6559\u5506\u8005\u3001\u5e2e\u52a9\u8005\u4e0d\u5f97\u635f\u5bb3\u7684\u6cd5\u76ca\uff08\u5171\u72af\u5177\u6709\u8fdd\u6cd5\u963b\u5374\u4e8b\u7531\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u6709\u6b63\u72af\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6210\u7acb\u72af\u7f6a\u3002\u6982\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u5171\u72af\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u8fdd\u6cd5\u963b\u5374\u4e8b\u7531\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u627f\u8ba4\u8fdd\u6cd5\u7684\u8fde\u5e26\u6027\u3002\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u5728\u4f8b\u5916\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u627f\u8ba4\u8fdd\u6cd5\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u6027\u3002\u672c\u6587\u8d5e\u540c\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u56e0\u679c\u5171\u72af\u8bba\uff0c\u6b63\u597d\u8bf4\u660e\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u662f\u4e0d\u6cd5\u5f62\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u662f\u4e0d\u6cd5\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u6cd5\u662f\u6307\u884c\u4e3a\u7b26\u5408\u6784\u6210\u8981\u4ef6\u4e14\u8fdd\u6cd5\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5728\u8ba4\u5b9a\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u65f6\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u8981\u5224\u65ad\u53c2\u4e0e\u4eba\u4e2d\u8c01\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u7b26\u5408\u4ec0\u4e48\u7f6a\u7684\u6784\u6210\u8981\u4ef6\uff0c\u6cd5\u76ca\u4fb5\u5bb3\u7ed3\u679c\u7531\u54ea\u4e9b\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u9020\u6210\uff08\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\uff0c\u54ea\u4e9b\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u8d21\u732e\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u53ef\u8c13\u6784\u6210\u8981\u4ef6\u7b26\u5408\u6027\u7684\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u5171\u72af\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u7684\u5224\u65ad\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u672c\u6587\u7b2c\u56db\u90e8\u5206\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u524d\u8ff0\u4f8b1\u4e2d\uff0c15\u5468\u5c81\u7684\u7532\u5165\u6237\u76d7\u7a83\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eba\u8d22\u4ea7\u635f\u5931\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff08\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e86\u7b26\u5408\u76d7\u7a83\u7f6a\u6784\u6210\u8981\u4ef6\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff09\uff0c17\u5468\u5c81\u7684\u4e59\u7684\u671b\u98ce\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u5177\u6709\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u8be5\u7ed3\u679c\u5e94\u5f53\u5f52\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e59\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u5728\u4e0d\u6cd5\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u7532\u662f\u6b63\u72af\uff0c\u4e59\u662f\u5e2e\u52a9\u72af\u6216\u8005\u4ece\u72af\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u5224\u65ad\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u7532\u6ca1\u6709\u8fbe\u5230\u8d23\u4efb\u5e74\u9f84\uff0c\u5176\u884c\u4e3a\u6700\u7ec8\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb\u72af\u7f6a\u3002\u4e59\u5177\u5907\u5404\u79cd\u8d23\u4efb\u8981\u7d20\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u6210\u7acb\u76d7\u7a83\u7f6a\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5e94\u4ee5\u4ece\u72af\u8bba\u5904\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u540c\u6837\u7684\u7406\u7531\u4e0e\u8ba4\u5b9a\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5018\u82e5\u4f8b1\u4e2d\u7684\u7532\u662f\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5176\u4ed6\u8d23\u4efb\u8981\u7d20\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4e59\u4e5f\u6210\u7acb\u76d7\u7a83\u7f6a\u7684\u4ece\u72af\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u4f8b2\u4e2d\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u8005\u5e2e\u52a9\u672c\u72af\u7a9d\u85cf\u8d43\u7269\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u5426\u6210\u7acb\u5171\u72af\uff0c\u2018\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4e0d\u5904\u7f5a\u672c\u72af\u7684\u6839\u636e\u4f55\u5728\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u4e0d\u5904\u7f5a\u672c\u72af\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u672c\u72af\u7a9d\u85cf\u8d43\u7269\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0d\u5177\u5907\u6784\u6210\u8981\u4ef6\u7b26\u5408\u6027\u6216\u4e0d\u8fdd\u6cd5\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u8005\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u884c\u4e3a\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u8fdd\u6cd5\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6784\u6210\u5171\u72af\u3002\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u672c\u72af\u7a9d\u85cf\u8d43\u7269\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5177\u5907\u6784\u6210\u8981\u4ef6\u7b26\u5408\u6027\u4e14\u8fdd\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6709\u8d23\u6027\uff0c\u5219\u7b2c\u4e09\u8005\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u884c\u4e3a\u4e5f\u5177\u6709\u8fdd\u6cd5\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u4e0e\u672c\u72af\u5728\u4e0d\u6cd5\u5c42\u9762\u6210\u7acb\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\uff1b\u672c\u72af\u53ea\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6709\u8d23\u6027\u800c\u4e0d\u53ef\u7f5a\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u8005\u5982\u679c\u5177\u6709\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u5219\u4f9d\u7136\u6210\u7acb\u5171\u72af\u3002\u5982\u6240\u5468\u77e5\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u7b49\u56fd\u5211\u6cd5\u5c06\u8d43\u7269\u72af\u7f6a\u89c4\u5b9a\u5728\u8d22\u4ea7\u7f6a\u4e2d\uff0c\u76d7\u7a83\u72af\uff08\u672c\u72af\uff09\u76d7\u7a83\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eba\u8d22\u7269\u540e\u518d\u7a9d\u85cf\u8d43\u7269\u7684\uff0c\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb\u8d43\u7269\u72af\u7f6a\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6ca1\u6709\u4fb5\u72af\u65b0\u7684\u6cd5\u76ca\uff08\u8d22\u4ea7\uff09\uff1b\u672c\u72af\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u7a9d\u85cf\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e0d\u53ef\u7f5a\u7684\u4e8b\u540e\u884c\u4e3a\u3002[33]\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7b2c\u4e09\u8005\u5e2e\u52a9\u672c\u72af\u7a9d\u85cf\u8d43\u7269\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u96be\u4ee5\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e3a\u72af\u7f6a\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u6211\u56fd\uff0c\u8d43\u7269\u72af\u7f6a\u5c5e\u4e8e\u59a8\u5bb3\u53f8\u6cd5\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\uff0c\u76d7\u7a83\u72af\uff08\u672c\u72af\uff09\u7a83\u53d6\u4ed6\u4eba\u8d22\u7269\u540e\u518d\u5b9e\u65bd\u7a9d\u85cf\u7b49\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u59a8\u5bb3\u4e86\u53f8\u6cd5\uff0c\u5177\u5907\u6784\u6210\u8981\u4ef6\u7b26\u5408\u6027\u4e0e\u8fdd\u6cd5\u6027\u3002\u672c\u72af\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb\u8d43\u7269\u72af\u7f6a\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6ca1\u6709\u4fb5\u72af\u65b0\u7684\u6cd5\u76ca\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u7f3a\u4e4f\u671f\u5f85\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff08\u5373\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8d23\u4efb\uff09\u3002\u6839\u636e\u9650\u5236\u4ece\u5c5e\u6027\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u6b63\u72af\uff08\u4f8b2\u4e2d\u7684\u672c\u72af\u7532\uff09\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5177\u5907\u6784\u6210\u8981\u4ef6\u7b26\u5408\u6027\u4e0e\u8fdd\u6cd5\u6027\uff0c\u5171\u72af\u4fbf\u80fd\u6210\u7acb\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u662f\u4e0d\u6cd5\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u51fa\u5982\u4e0b\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e09\u8005\u5e2e\u52a9\u672c\u72af\u7a9d\u85cf\u8d43\u7269\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0e\u672c\u72af\u6210\u7acb\u8d43\u7269\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\uff1b\u672c\u72af\u662f\u6b63\u72af\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u8005\u662f\u5171\u72af\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u672c\u72af\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u671f\u5f85\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u800c\u4e0d\u53ef\u7f5a\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u8005\u5e76\u4e0d\u7f3a\u4e4f\u671f\u5f85\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u6545\u4f9d\u7136\u6210\u7acb\u8d43\u7269\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u4ece\u72af\u3002\u4f8b2\u4e2d\u7684\u4e59\u4fbf\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u884c\u4e3a\u7b26\u5408\u6784\u6210\u8981\u4ef6\u5c31\u80fd\u63a8\u5b9a\u5176\u5177\u6709\u8fdd\u6cd5\u6027\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6cd5\u76ca\u4e3b\u4f53\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6cd5\u76ca\u9020\u6210\u7684\u635f\u5bb3\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5177\u6709\u8fdd\u6cd5\u6027\uff08\u5982\u4f24\u5bb3\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u3001\u6bc1\u635f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8d22\u7269\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5e76\u4e0d\u8fdd\u6cd5\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u6cd5\u76ca\u4e3b\u4f53\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eba\u5171\u540c\u635f\u5bb3\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6cd5\u76ca\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5728\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u4e2d\uff0c\u5404\u53c2\u4e0e\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u8fdd\u6cd5\u6027\u53ef\u80fd\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u5bf9\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5728\u8fdd\u6cd5\u6027\u5c42\u9762\u505a\u51fa\u5224\u65ad\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b12\uff1a\u7532\u3001\u4e59\u3001\u4e19\u4e09\u540d\u9003\u72af\u5171\u540c\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4eba\u8ffd\u6355\u5c31\u5f00\u67aa\u5c04\u51fb\u3002\u5728\u591c\u95f4\u9003\u4ea1\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9003\u72af\u7532\u9519\u5c06\u540c\u6848\u72af\u4e59\u5f53\u4f5c\u8ffd\u6355\u8005\uff0c\u4ee5\u6740\u4eba\u7684\u6545\u610f\u5411\u5176\u5c04\u51fb\uff0c\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u9020\u6210\u4e59\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002\u5fb7\u56fd\u8054\u90a6\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u5224\u51b3\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5bf9\u88ab\u5bb3\u4eba\u4e59\u4e5f\u8981\u4ee5\u8c0b\u6740\u672a\u9042\u8bba\u5904\u3002[34]\u5fb7\u56fd\u4e5f\u6709\u5b66\u8005\u652f\u6301\u8fd9\u4e00\u5224\u51b3\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002[35]\u8bda\u7136\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7532\u5c04\u51fb\u7684\u662f\u8ffd\u6355\u8005\u6216\u8005\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\uff0c\u4e09\u540d\u9003\u72af\u90fd\u8981\u627f\u62c5\u5211\u4e8b\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e09\u540d\u9003\u72af\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u547d\u90fd\u662f\u5176\u4e0d\u5f97\u635f\u5bb3\u7684\u6cd5\u76ca\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4e59\u7684\u751f\u547d\u3001\u8eab\u4f53\u867d\u7136\u662f\u7532\u3001\u4e19\u4e0d\u5f97\u635f\u5bb3\u7684\u6cd5\u76ca\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e59\u4e0d\u5f97\u635f\u5bb3\u7684\u6cd5\u76ca\u3002\u65e2\u7136\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u4e59\u4e0e\u7532\u3001\u4e19\u7684\u5171\u8c0b\u884c\u4e3a\u867d\u7136\u4e0e\u4e59\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5371\u9669\u4e4b\u95f4\u5177\u6709\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4e59\u7ed9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u751f\u547d\u9020\u6210\u7684\u5371\u9669\u7684\u8fdd\u6cd5\u6027\u88ab\u963b\u5374\uff0c\u6545\u5728\u4e0d\u6cd5\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u7532\u4e0e\u4e19\u6210\u7acb\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u3002\u4e0d\u96be\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u8fdd\u6cd5\u7684\u8fde\u5e26\u6027\u4e0d\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7efc\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u662f\u4e0d\u6cd5\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u5176\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\u4ec5\u5728\u4e8e\u4e0d\u6cd5\u5c42\u9762\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6700\u7ec8\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8bf4\u5bf9\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u4e2d\u5404\u53c2\u4e0e\u4eba\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u8ba4\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e0e\u5355\u4e2a\u4eba\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u8ba4\u5b9a\u6ca1\u6709\u533a\u522b\uff08\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5404\u5171\u72af\u4eba\u7684\u6545\u610f\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5185\u5bb9\u4f1a\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\uff09\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5728\u8ba4\u5b9a\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u65f6\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5e94\u5f53\u5c06\u8d23\u4efb\u5185\u5bb9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u65e2\u4e0d\u80fd\u5c06\u8d23\u4efb\u8981\u7d20\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5224\u65ad\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u6210\u7acb\u4e0e\u5426\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u80fd\u5148\u5224\u65ad\u8d23\u4efb\u540e\u5224\u65ad\u4e0d\u6cd5\u3002\u201c\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u201d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5404\u53c2\u4e0e\u4eba\u6700\u7ec8\u5747\u6210\u7acb\u72af\u7f6a\u3002\u5176\u4e00\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5728\u4e0d\u6cd5\u5c42\u9762\u6210\u7acb\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u53c2\u4e0e\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u4e3a\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8d23\u4efb\u8981\u7d20\uff0c\u800c\u6700\u7ec8\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb\u72af\u7f6a\uff0c\u4ec5\u90e8\u5206\u53c2\u4e0e\u4eba\u6210\u7acb\u72af\u7f6a\u3002\u4f8b1\u4fbf\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u5176\u4e8c\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6240\u6709\u53c2\u4e0e\u4eba\u5747\u6709\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u5171\u540c\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u5171\u540c\u6545\u610f\uff0c\u4f46\u90e8\u5206\u53c2\u4e0e\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u8fdd\u6cd5\u963b\u5374\u4e8b\u7531\u800c\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb\u5171\u72af\u3002\u4f8b12\u5373\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u5176\u4e09\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u53ea\u662f\u4e0d\u6cd5\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u800c\u53c2\u4e0e\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6700\u7ec8\u6784\u6210\u4f55\u7f6a\u8fd8\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u8d23\u4efb\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5728\u6700\u7ec8\u6210\u7acb\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u6240\u6709\u53c2\u4e0e\u4eba\u90fd\u6210\u7acb\u72af\u7f6a\uff0c\u4f46\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u7acb\u4e0d\u540c\u7f6a\u540d\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u3002\u5728\u4f8b4\u4e2d\uff0c\u7532\u6210\u7acb\u6545\u610f\u6740\u4eba\u7f6a\uff0c\u4e59\u6210\u7acb\u6545\u610f\u4f24\u5bb3\uff08\u81f4\u6b7b\uff09\u7f6a\uff1b\u5728\u4f8b6\u4e2d\uff0c\u7532\u3001\u4e59\u6210\u7acb\u62a2\u52ab\u7f6a\uff0c\u4e19\u6210\u7acb\u6572\u8bc8\u52d2\u7d22\u7f6a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6216\u8bb8\u6709\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u89c2\u70b9\u8fdd\u53cd\u5211\u6cd5\u7b2c25\u6761\u7b2c1\u6b3e\u3002\u8be5\u6b3e\u89c4\u5b9a\uff1a\u201c\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u662f\u6307\u4e8c\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5171\u540c\u6545\u610f\u72af\u7f6a\u3002\u201d\u6211\u56fd\u4f20\u7edf\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u53f8\u6cd5\u5b9e\u8df5\u6b63\u662f\u4ee5\u5bf9\u6b64\u6b3e\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u89e3\u91ca\u7ed3\u8bba\uff08\u5f3a\u8c03\u201c\u5171\u540c\u6545\u610f\u201d\uff09\u4e3a\u4f9d\u636e\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5bf9\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u6cd5\u6761\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u505a\u51fa\u4e24\u79cd\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u89e3\u91ca\u8005\u4e0d\u5e94\u5f53\u5c06\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u79cd\u89e3\u91ca\u7ed3\u8bba\u5f53\u4f5c\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5f97\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u524d\u7406\u89e3\u5f53\u4f5c\u6559\u4e49\u3002\u5728\u672c\u6587\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u5211\u6cd5\u7b2c25\u6761\u7b2c1\u6b3e\u53ea\u662f\u5c06\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u9650\u5b9a\u5728\u6545\u610f\u72af\u7f6a\u4e4b\u5185\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u6c42\u4e8c\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6545\u610f\u3002\u5018\u82e5\u8981\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e2d\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u53bb\u201d\u5b57\uff0c\u5c31\u5e94\u5f53\u8bf4\u201c\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u662f\u6307\u4e8c\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5171\u540c\u53bb\u6545\u610f\u72af\u7f6a\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8bf4\u201c\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u662f\u6307\u4e8c\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5171\u540c\u6545\u610f\u53bb\u72af\u7f6a\u201d\u3002[36]\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u8be5\u6b3e\u89c4\u5b9a\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5426\u8ba4\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0d\u6cd5\u5f62\u6001\u3002\u5211\u6cd5\u7b2c25\u6761\u7b2c2\u6b3e\u89c4\u5b9a\uff1a\u201c\u4e8c\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5171\u540c\u8fc7\u5931\u72af\u7f6a\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ee5\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u8bba\u5904\uff1b\u5e94\u5f53\u8d1f\u5211\u4e8b\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u72af\u7684\u7f6a\u5206\u522b\u5904\u7f5a\u3002\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c4\u5b9a\u660e\u663e\u627f\u8ba4\u4e86\u5171\u540c\u8fc7\u5931\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5bf9\u5171\u540c\u8fc7\u5931\u72af\u7f6a\u4e0d\u6309\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u8bba\u5904\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5426\u8ba4\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0d\u6cd5\u5f62\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e09\u3001\u4ee5\u6b63\u72af\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u5206\u4e3a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u4e0e\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u3002\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u662f\u6307\u5171\u540c\u6b63\u72af\u3002[37]\u201c\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u5404\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u5206\u5de5\u7684\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5206\u5de5\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\uff1a\u6709\u7684\u6559\u5506\u4ed6\u4eba\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eba\u4ea7\u751f\u5b9e\u884c\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u6545\u610f\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u4ed6\u4eba\u5b9e\u884c\u72af\u7f6a\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u6613\u4e8e\u5b9e\u884c\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u5b9e\u884c\u72af\u7f6a\u5373\u5b9e\u884c\u8be5\u79cd\u72af\u7f6a\u6784\u6210\u5ba2\u89c2\u8981\u4ef6\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u201d[38]\u5728\u4e0d\u6cd5\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u90fd\u6709\u6b63\u72af\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u6b63\u72af\u7684\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u3002[39]\u5728\u8ba4\u5b9a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e94\u5f53\u6574\u4f53\u5224\u65ad\u54ea\u4e9b\u4eba\u6210\u7acb\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\uff0c\u800c\u5e94\u5f53\u5148\u5224\u65ad\u6b63\u72af\uff0c\u518d\u4ee5\u6b63\u72af\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5224\u65ad\u5176\u4ed6\u53c2\u4e0e\u4eba\u662f\u5426\u6210\u7acb\u5171\u72af\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u6b63\u72af\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u7b26\u5408\u6784\u6210\u8981\u4ef6\u7684\u5b9e\u884c\u884c\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4eba\u7269\u6216\u8005\u6838\u5fc3\u4eba\u7269\u3002\u201d[40]\u56e0\u4e3a\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u4fb5\u5bb3\u6216\u8005\u5a01\u80c1\u6cd5\u76ca\uff0c\u5176\u5177\u4f53\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u5bf9\u6cd5\u76ca\u9020\u6210\u4fb5\u5bb3\u7ed3\u679c\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5371\u9669\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u652f\u914d\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ed3\u679c\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4eba\u6b63\u662f\u6b63\u72af\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5728\u5904\u7406\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u6848\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u5148\u786e\u8ba4\u6b63\u72af\uff0c\u5728\u6b63\u72af\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u7b26\u5408\u6784\u6210\u8981\u4ef6\u4e14\u8fdd\u6cd5\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u518d\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u6559\u5506\u72af\u3001\u5e2e\u52a9\u72af\uff0c\u5c31\u53d8\u5f97\u76f8\u5bf9\u5bb9\u6613\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u8ba4\u5b9a\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u62bd\u8c61\u5730\u8ba8\u8bba\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u6210\u7acb\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b63\u72af\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7ed3\u679c\u5f52\u5c5e\uff09\u662f\u5bb9\u6613\u5224\u65ad\u7684\u3002\u5f53\u7532\u6301\u67aa\u5c04\u4e2d\u88ab\u5bb3\u4eba\u5fc3\u810f\u5bfc\u81f4\u5176\u6b7b\u4ea1\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5c06\u8be5\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7ed3\u679c\u5f52\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7532\u7684\u5c04\u51fb\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u5728\u4f8b1\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e1d\u6beb\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6000\u7591\u4e19\u76842\u4e07\u5143\u8d22\u4ea7\u635f\u5931\u7531\u7532\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u9020\u6210\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u80fd\u80af\u5b9a\u7532\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u7b26\u5408\u76d7\u7a83\u7f6a\u7684\u6784\u6210\u8981\u4ef6\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u8fdd\u6cd5\u6027\u3002\u5728\u80af\u5b9a\u4e86\u7532\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5728\u4e0d\u6cd5\u5c42\u9762\u6210\u7acb\u76d7\u7a83\u7f6a\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u518d\u5224\u65ad\u4e59\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u5426\u5bf9\u7532\u7684\u6cd5\u76ca\u4fb5\u5bb3\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u4e0d\u6cd5\u5c42\u9762\u5f97\u51fa\u4e59\u662f\u5426\u6210\u7acb\u76d7\u7a83\u7f6a\u4ece\u72af\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002\u5728\u4f8b3\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5224\u65ad\u4e19\u5973\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\u635f\u5931\u662f\u7531\u7532\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u9020\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u8ba4\u5b9a\u7532\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6210\u7acb\u62a2\u593a\u7f6a\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u5728\u80af\u5b9a\u4e86\u7532\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6210\u7acb\u62a2\u593a\u7f6a\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u518d\u5224\u65ad\u4e59\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7532\u7684\u6cd5\u76ca\u4fb5\u5bb3\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u5177\u6709\u8fdd\u6cd5\u963b\u5374\u4e8b\u7531\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u4e0d\u6cd5\u5c42\u9762\u5f97\u51fa\u4e59\u662f\u5426\u6210\u7acb\u62a2\u593a\u7f6a\u4ece\u72af\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b63\u72af\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u8ba4\u5b9a\u66f4\u4e3a\u5bb9\u6613\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6839\u636e\u5728\u56fd\u5185\u5916\u5c45\u4e8e\u901a\u8bf4\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u9650\u5236\u7684\u6b63\u72af\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u201c\u6b63\u72af\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\u9650\u4e8e\u5206\u5219\u7684\u6784\u6210\u8981\u4ef6\u6240\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u201d\u3002[41]\u65e2\u7136\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u5355\u72ec\u8ba4\u5b9a\u6b63\u72af\u3002\u4ea6\u5373\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u6559\u5506\u8005\u3001\u5e2e\u52a9\u8005\u662f\u5426\u6210\u7acb\u5171\u72af\uff0c\u53f8\u6cd5\u673a\u5173\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u800c\u8ba4\u5b9a\u6b63\u72af\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u6b63\u72af\u7684\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e0e\u5355\u4e2a\u4eba\u72af\u7f6a\uff08\u5355\u72ec\u6b63\u72af\uff09\u7684\u8ba4\u5b9a\u6ca1\u6709\u533a\u522b\u3002\u4ee5\u6b63\u72af\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5728\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e86\u6b63\u72af\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5224\u65ad\u54ea\u4e9b\u53c2\u4e0e\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6210\u7acb\u72ed\u4e49\u7684\u5171\u72af\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u4ee5\u6b63\u72af\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5c06\u539f\u672c\u53ef\u4ee5\u660e\u786e\u8ba4\u5b9a\u7684\u6b63\u72af\uff0c\u7eb3\u5165\u6240\u6709\u53c2\u4e0e\u4eba\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u6574\u4f53\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u5229\u4e8e\u6848\u4ef6\u7684\u59a5\u5f53\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b13\uff1a\u7532\u3001\u4e592000\u5e74\u66fe\u56e0\u5171\u540c\u62a2\u52ab\u53d7\u8fc7\u5211\u7f5a\u5904\u7f5a\u30022011\u5e74\u4e03\u5915\u8282\u4e0b\u5348\uff0c\u4e8c\u4eba\u624b\u673a\u77ed\u4fe1\u8054\u7cfb\u201c\u9a97\u4e2a\u4eba\u6765\u641e\u4e00\u4e0b\u201d\u3002\u5f53\u665a\u4e8c\u4eba\u5c06\u5973\u4e19\u9a97\u4e0a\u8f66\u5e76\u5f00\u8f66\u5e26\u81f3\u67d0\u516c\u56ed\u3002\u7532\u62c9\u4e19\u5f80\u6811\u6797\u91cc\u8d70\uff0c\u4e19\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\uff0c\u4e59\u671d\u4e19\u5927\u543c\uff1a\u201c\u4f60\u77e5\u9053\u6211\u662f\u8c01\u5417\uff1f\u201d\u4e19\u5f88\u5bb3\u6015\u3002\u5230\u6811\u6797\u540e\uff0c\u7532\u4e00\u5df4\u638c\u5c06\u4e19\u6253\u5012\u5728\u5730\uff0c\u5e76\u5f3a\u8feb\u4e19\u8131\u6389\u8863\u670d\uff0c\u4e19\u4e0d\u4ece\uff0c\u7532\u5c31\u5bf9\u7ad9\u5728\u65c1\u8fb9\u7684\u4e59\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4f60\u53bb\u62ff\u5200\u3002\u201d\u4e59\u77e5\u9053\u7532\u8fd9\u4e48\u8bf4\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5413\u552c\u4e19\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u7ad9\u7740\u6ca1\u52a8\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u8bf4\u8bdd\u3002\u63a5\u7740\uff0c\u7532\u5f3a\u5978\u4e86\u4e19\uff0c\u5f3a\u5978\u65f6\u7532\u8ba9\u4e59\u7ffb\u4e19\u7684\u5305\u3002\u4e59\u5728\u9644\u8fd1\u4e00\u4e8c\u7c73\u5904\u4ece\u4e19\u80cc\u5305\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u624b\u673a\u4e00\u90e8\u3001\u73b0\u91d1400\u5143\uff0c\u4e8c\u4eba\u5747\u5206\u3002\u4e8b\u540e\u67e5\u660e\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u5171\u8c0b\u65f6\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u641e\u201d\uff0c\u7532\u79f0\u662f\u6307\u52ab\u8272\uff0c\u4e59\u79f0\u662f\u6307\u52ab\u8d22\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u672c\u4f8b\u4e2d\u7684\u7532\u662f\u5f3a\u5978\u7f6a\u7684\u6b63\u72af\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u4e59\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u987a\u5229\u5730\u8ba4\u5b9a\u7532\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6210\u7acb\u5f3a\u5978\u65e2\u9042\u3002\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u4e59\u662f\u5426\u6210\u7acb\u5f3a\u5978\u7f6a\u7684\u5171\u72af\uff1f\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u573a\u5408\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6574\u4f53\u5224\u65ad\u4e8c\u4eba\u662f\u5426\u6709\u5171\u540c\u7684\u5f3a\u5978\u6545\u610f\u3001\u5171\u540c\u7684\u5f3a\u5978\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f97\u51fa\u59a5\u5f53\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8d77\u521d\u7684\u201c\u5171\u8c0b\u201d\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5f62\u6210\u5171\u540c\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u6545\u610f\u3002\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\uff0c\u5148\u80af\u5b9a\u7532\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u7b26\u5408\u5f3a\u5978\u7f6a\u6784\u6210\u8981\u4ef6\u4e14\u8fdd\u6cd5\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u6210\u7acb\u5f3a\u5978\u65e2\u9042\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u4e59\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u7532\u7684\u5f3a\u5978\u65e2\u9042\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u5426\u5177\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u3002\u4ece\u4f5c\u4e3a\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e59\u867d\u7136\u5728\u7532\u5f3a\u5978\u4e19\u4e4b\u524d\u5bf9\u4e19\u5b9e\u65bd\u8fc7\u66b4\u529b\u3001\u80c1\u8feb\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e0a\u5bf9\u7532\u5f3a\u5978\u65e2\u9042\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u6b64\u65f6\u4e59\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5f3a\u5978\u7684\u6545\u610f\u3002\u5c31\u6b64\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4e59\u867d\u7136\u662f\u4e0d\u6cd5\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u5171\u72af\uff0c\u4f46\u56e0\u4e3a\u5176\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6545\u610f\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e3a\u5f3a\u5978\u7f6a\u7684\u5171\u72af\u3002\u4ece\u4e0d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u4e59\u6b64\u524d\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5c06\u4e19\u5e26\u81f3\u516c\u56ed\u3001\u5bf9\u4e19\u5b9e\u65bd\u6050\u5413\uff09\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e0a\u4f7f\u4e19\u5904\u4e8e\u5b64\u7acb\u65e0\u63f4\u7684\u5883\u5730\uff0c\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\u4f7f\u4e19\u7684\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\u81ea\u4e3b\u6743\u9677\u5165\u9700\u8981\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u6545\u4e59\u5bf9\u4e19\u7684\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\u81ea\u4e3b\u6743\u5177\u6709\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e49\u52a1\uff0c\u4f46\u4e59\u6ca1\u6709\u5c65\u884c\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e49\u52a1\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u4e0e\u4e19\u88ab\u5f3a\u5978\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u5177\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u6027\uff0c\u4e14\u4e59\u5177\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9\u7684\u6545\u610f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e59\u5c31\u5f3a\u5978\u7f6a\u6210\u7acb\u4e0d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7684\u5171\u72af\u3002[42]<\/p>\n<p>\u6839\u636e\u5171\u72af\u4ece\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u5bf9\u6559\u5506\u72af\u4e0e\u5e2e\u52a9\u72af\u7684\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u6b63\u72af\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u6b63\u72af\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5177\u5907\u6784\u6210\u8981\u4ef6\u7b26\u5408\u6027\u4e14\u8fdd\u6cd5\u65f6\uff0c\u6559\u5506\u884c\u4e3a\u3001\u5e2e\u52a9\u884c\u4e3a\u624d\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u7acb\u72af\u7f6a\u3002\u201c\u5982\u6b64\u8ba4\u5b9a\u7684\u7406\u7531\u5728\u4e8e\u5bf9\u5171\u72af\uff08\u6559\u5506\u3001\u5e2e\u52a9\uff09\u7684\u5904\u7f5a\u6839\u636e\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u4ea6\u5373\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u65e2\u7136\u5171\u72af\u7684\u5904\u7f5a\u6839\u636e\u4e0e\u5355\u72ec\u6b63\u72af\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5728\u4e8e\u6cd5\u76ca\u4fb5\u5bb3\uff08\u6784\u6210\u8981\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff09\u7684\u5f15\u8d77\uff08\u56e0\u679c\u5171\u72af\u8bba\u5373\u60f9\u8d77\u8bf4\uff09\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u4ea7\u751f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5904\u7f5a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u6cd5\u76ca\u4fb5\u5bb3\u3001\u5371\u9669\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u4ea7\u751f\u4f7f\u5211\u6cd5\u7684\u4ecb\u5165\u3001\u7981\u6b62\uff08\u5171\u72af\u5904\u7f5a\uff09\u6b63\u5f53\u5316\u7684\u4e8b\u6001\u3002\u201d[43]\u9650\u5236\u4ece\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u539f\u7406\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\uff0c\u5728\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u8ba4\u5b9a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u8ba4\u5b9a\u6b63\u72af\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u6b63\u72af\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5177\u5907\u6784\u6210\u8981\u4ef6\u7b26\u5408\u6027\u4e0e\u8fdd\u6cd5\u6027\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6ca1\u6709\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u5171\u72af\u4e5f\u80fd\u6210\u7acb\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5171\u72af\u7684\u4ece\u5c5e\u6027\u4e5f\u8981\u6c42\u4ee5\u6b63\u72af\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8ba4\u5b9a\u5171\u72af\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ece\u4e0d\u6cd5\u5c42\u9762\u8ba4\u5b9a\u6b63\u72af\u540e\uff0c\u518d\u8ba4\u5b9a\u72ed\u4e49\u7684\u5171\u72af\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u514b\u670d\u4e86\u8ba4\u5b9a\u201c\u5171\u540c\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u6545\u610f\u201d\u3001\u201c\u5171\u540c\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u884c\u4e3a\u201d\u7684\u96be\u9898\uff0c\u8d2f\u5f7b\u4e86\u5171\u72af\u4ece\u5c5e\u6027\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u5bb9\u6613\u8ba4\u5b9a\u666e\u901a\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u5171\u72af\uff0c\u4e5f\u5bb9\u6613\u89e3\u51b3\u8eab\u4efd\u72af\u7684\u5171\u72af\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8eab\u4efd\u72af\u7684\u5171\u72af\u5176\u5b9e\u6709\u5982\u4e0b\u4e09\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u503c\u5f97\u6df1\u5165\u8ba8\u8bba\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u4e00\uff0c\u6709\u8eab\u4efd\u8005\u4e0e\u65e0\u8eab\u4efd\u8005\u7684\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u6709\u8eab\u4efd\u8005\u4e0e\u65e0\u8eab\u4efd\u8005\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u8981\u5148\u8ba4\u5b9a\u6b63\u72af\u3002\u6210\u7acb\u8eab\u4efd\u72af\u7684\u6b63\u72af\uff0c\u65e2\u8981\u6c42\u884c\u4e3a\u4eba\u5177\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u4e5f\u8981\u6c42\u884c\u4e3a\u4eba\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e86\u7b26\u5408\u6784\u6210\u8981\u4ef6\u7684\u8fdd\u6cd5\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u65e0\u8eab\u4efd\u8005\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u8eab\u4efd\u72af\u7684\u6b63\u72af\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u8eab\u4efd\u72af\u4e2d\uff0c\u8eab\u4efd\u662f\u6b63\u72af\u5fc5\u987b\u5177\u5907\u7684\u6784\u6210\u8981\u4ef6\u8981\u7d20\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e0e\u8eab\u4efd\u76f8\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u201c\u5229\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u201d\u4e5f\u662f\u6b63\u72af\u5fc5\u987b\u5177\u5907\u7684\u6784\u6210\u8981\u4ef6\u8981\u7d20\u3002\u6b63\u72af\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5fc5\u987b\u5177\u5907\u6784\u6210\u8981\u4ef6\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u8981\u7d20\u3002\u636e\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u80af\u5b9a\uff0c\u5728\u4f8b5\u4e2d\uff0c\u666e\u901a\u516c\u6c11\u4e59\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u8d2a\u6c61\u7f6a\u7684\u6b63\u72af\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u56fd\u5bb6\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u7532\u624d\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u8d2a\u6c61\u7f6a\u7684\u6b63\u72af\u3002\u5728\u7532\u662f\u8d2a\u6c61\u7f6a\u6b63\u72af\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e59\u4fbf\u662f\u8d2a\u6c61\u7f6a\u7684\u5171\u72af\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u8ba4\u5b9a\u8eab\u4efd\u72af\u7684\u5171\u72af\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b63\u72af\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e86\u7b26\u5408\u6784\u6210\u8981\u4ef6\u7684\u8fdd\u6cd5\u884c\u4e3a\u4e3a\u524d\u63d0\u3002\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u65e0\u8eab\u4efd\u8005\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u7b26\u5408\u975e\u8eab\u4efd\u72af\u7684\u6784\u6210\u8981\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\uff1f\u5982\u524d\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f80\u7684\u53f8\u6cd5\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3b\u5f20\u4ee5\u4e3b\u72af\u786e\u5b9a\u6848\u4ef6\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u4f46\u5211\u6cd5\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u901a\u8bf4\u5219\u4e3b\u5f20\u6309\u5b9e\u884c\u72af\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u786e\u5b9a\u6848\u4ef6\u6027\u8d28\u3002[44]\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u5728\u6709\u8eab\u4efd\u8005\u4e0e\u65e0\u8eab\u4efd\u8005\u7684\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5c40\u9762\uff1a\u6709\u8eab\u4efd\u8005\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u7b26\u5408\u8eab\u4efd\u72af\u7684\u6784\u6210\u8981\u4ef6\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u662f\u8eab\u4efd\u72af\u7684\u6b63\u72af\uff1b\u65e0\u8eab\u4efd\u8005\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u7b26\u5408\u975e\u8eab\u4efd\u72af\u7684\u6784\u6210\u8981\u4ef6\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u662f\u975e\u8eab\u4efd\u72af\u7684\u6b63\u72af\u3002\u5bf9\u6b64\uff0c\u73b0\u884c\u901a\u8bf4\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u662f\u96be\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u672c\u6587\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u80af\u5b9a\u6b63\u72af\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u6027\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8fd0\u7528\u60f3\u8c61\u7ade\u5408\u72af\u7684\u539f\u7406\u3002\u5176\u4e00\uff0c\u5f53\u6709\u8eab\u4efd\u8005\u4e3a\u8eab\u4efd\u72af\u7684\u6b63\u72af\u65f6\uff0c\u65e0\u8eab\u4efd\u8005\u5bf9\u6b63\u72af\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e86\u6559\u5506\u3001\u5e2e\u52a9\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u89e6\u72af\u5176\u4ed6\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u6309\u7167\u8eab\u4efd\u72af\u89e6\u72af\u7684\u7f6a\u540d\u5b9a\u7f6a\u91cf\u5211\u3002\u5982\u4e00\u822c\u516c\u6c11\u6559\u5506\u56fd\u5bb6\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u6536\u53d7\u8d3f\u8d42\u7684\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e00\u822c\u516c\u6c11\u53ea\u80fd\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e3a\u53d7\u8d3f\u7f6a\uff08\u6559\u5506\u72af\uff09\u3002\u5176\u4e8c\uff0c\u5728\u6709\u8eab\u4efd\u8005\u4e0e\u65e0\u8eab\u4efd\u8005\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\uff0c\u6709\u8eab\u4efd\u8005\u4e3a\u8eab\u4efd\u72af\uff08\u8d2a\u6c61\u7f6a\uff09\u7684\u6b63\u72af\uff08\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u975e\u8eab\u4efd\u72af\u5373\u76d7\u7a83\u7f6a\u7684\u6b63\u72af\u6216\u8005\u4ece\u72af\uff09\uff0c\u65e0\u8eab\u4efd\u8005\u4e3a\u975e\u8eab\u4efd\u72af\uff08\u76d7\u7a83\u7f6a\uff09\u7684\u6b63\u72af\uff08\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u8eab\u4efd\u72af\u5373\u8d2a\u6c61\u7f6a\u7684\u4ece\u72af\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u65e0\u8eab\u4efd\u8005\u4e0e\u6709\u8eab\u4efd\u8005\u7684\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u884c\u4e3a\u540c\u65f6\u89e6\u72af\u4e24\u4e2a\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7f6a\u540d\u65f6\uff0c\u5e94\u6309\u7167\u60f3\u8c61\u7ade\u5408\u72af\u7684\u539f\u7406\u5904\u7f5a\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u5c06\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u65b9\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e3a\u8f83\u91cd\u7f6a\u7684\u4ece\u72af\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5bf9\u5176\u5904\u7f5a\u8f7b\u4e8e\u5c06\u5176\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e3a\u8f83\u8f7b\u7f6a\u7684\u6b63\u72af\u65f6\uff08\u5373\u6309\u8f83\u8f7b\u7f6a\u7684\u6b63\u72af\u5904\u7f5a\u66f4\u7b26\u5408\u7f6a\u5211\u76f8\u9002\u5e94\u539f\u5219\u65f6\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u5e94\u5c06\u5176\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e3a\u8f83\u8f7b\u7f6a\u7684\u6b63\u72af\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u6709\u8eab\u4efd\u8005\u4e0e\u65e0\u8eab\u4efd\u8005\u7684\u7f6a\u540d\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b63\u72af\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e00\u6982\u4ee5\u8eab\u4efd\u72af\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u5211\u6cd5\u7b2c382\u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u5bf9\u5185\u5916\u52fe\u7ed3\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4ee5\u8d2a\u6c61\u7f6a\u7684\u5171\u72af\u8bba\u5904\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8868\u660e\u4ee5\u8eab\u4efd\u72af\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\u4e0d\u7136\u3002\u5211\u6cd5\u7b2c382\u6761\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u80af\u5b9a\u4e86\u975e\u8eab\u4efd\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u7acb\u8eab\u4efd\u72af\u7684\u5171\u72af\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8d2a\u6c61\u7f6a\u7684\u6cd5\u5b9a\u5211\u91cd\u4e8e\u76d7\u7a83\u7f6a\u7684\u6cd5\u5b9a\u5211\uff0c\u6545\u89c4\u5b9a\u5bf9\u975e\u8eab\u4efd\u72af\u4ee5\u8d2a\u6c61\u7f6a\u7684\u5171\u72af\u8bba\u5904\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5018\u82e5\u6cd5\u5b9a\u5211\u5b58\u5728\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5373\u5982\u679c\u975e\u8eab\u4efd\u72af\u7684\u6cd5\u5b9a\u5211\u66f4\u91cd\u65f6\uff0c\u4ee5\u8eab\u4efd\u72af\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8ba4\u5b9a\u5171\u72af\u5c31\u4f1a\u66b4\u9732\u51fa\u660e\u663e\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u4e8c\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u8eab\u4efd\u8005\u7684\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53f8\u6cd5\u5b9e\u8df5\u7ecf\u5e38\u9762\u4e34\u4e0d\u540c\u8eab\u4efd\u8005\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u65f6\u5982\u4f55\u5b9a\u7f6a\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6309\u7167\u672c\u6587\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u4ee5\u6b63\u72af\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e14\u627f\u8ba4\u6b63\u72af\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u8fd0\u7528\u60f3\u8c61\u7ade\u5408\u4e0e\u6cd5\u6761\u7ade\u5408\u7684\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u975e\u5e38\u5bb9\u6613\u89e3\u51b3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u9762\u5bf9\u975e\u56fd\u6709\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u7532\uff0c\u4e0e\u56fd\u6709\u516c\u53f8\u59d4\u6d3e\u5230\u8be5\u975e\u56fd\u6709\u516c\u53f8\u4ece\u4e8b\u516c\u52a1\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u4e59\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u4fb5\u5360\u8be5\u975e\u56fd\u6709\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\u7684\u6848\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e94\u5f53\u6574\u4f53\u5730\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e8c\u8005\u6784\u6210\u4f55\u79cd\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u9996\u5148\u5224\u65ad\u6b63\u72af\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e8c\u4eba\u5171\u540c\u4fb5\u5360\u8d22\u4ea7\u65f6\u4ec5\u5229\u7528\u4e86\u56fd\u5bb6\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u4e59\u7684\u804c\u52a1\u4fbf\u5229\uff0c\u5219\u4e59\u662f\u8d2a\u6c61\u7f6a\u7684\u6b63\u72af\uff0c\u7532\u662f\u8d2a\u6c61\u7f6a\u7684\u4ece\u72af\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e8c\u4eba\u5171\u540c\u4fb5\u5360\u8d22\u4ea7\u65f6\u4ec5\u5229\u7528\u4e86\u7532\u7684\u804c\u52a1\u4fbf\u5229\uff0c\u5219\u7532\u662f\u804c\u52a1\u4fb5\u5360\u7f6a\u7684\u6b63\u72af\uff0c\u4e59\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u8eab\u4efd\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u4ec5\u6210\u7acb\u804c\u52a1\u4fb5\u5360\u7f6a\u7684\u4ece\u72af\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5206\u522b\u5229\u7528\u4e86\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u804c\u52a1\u4fbf\u5229\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u7532\u65e2\u662f\u804c\u52a1\u4fb5\u5360\u7f6a\u7684\u6b63\u72af\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u8d2a\u6c61\u7f6a\u7684\u4ece\u72af\uff0c\u4e59\u65e2\u662f\u8d2a\u6c61\u7f6a\u7684\u6b63\u72af\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u804c\u52a1\u4fb5\u5360\u7f6a\u7684\u4ece\u72af\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u89e6\u72af\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u7f6a\u540d\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u6545\u5e94\u6309\u60f3\u8c61\u7ade\u5408\u72af\u7684\u539f\u7406\u4ece\u4e00\u91cd\u7f6a\u8bba\u5904\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5c06\u7532\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e3a\u8d2a\u6c61\u7f6a\u7684\u4ece\u72af\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5bf9\u5176\u5904\u7f5a\u8f7b\u4e8e\u5c06\u5176\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e3a\u804c\u52a1\u4fb5\u5360\u7f6a\u7684\u6b63\u72af\u65f6\uff0c\u5219\u5e94\u5c06\u7532\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e3a\u804c\u52a1\u4fb5\u5360\u7f6a\u7684\u6b63\u72af\uff08\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u7532\u4e0e\u4e59\u867d\u7136\u6210\u7acb\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\uff0c\u4f46\u7f6a\u540d\u4e0d\u540c\uff09\u3002[45]<\/p>\n<p>\u518d\u5982\uff0c\u5206\u7ba1\u653f\u6cd5\u7684\u515a\u59d4\u526f\u4e66\u8bb0\u7532\u5229\u7528\u804c\u52a1\u4e0a\u7684\u4fbf\u5229\uff0c\u6307\u4f7f\u6cd5\u5b98\u4e59\u5c06\u6709\u7f6a\u7684\u4eba\u5ba3\u544a\u4e3a\u65e0\u7f6a\u65f6\uff0c\u7532\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e86\u6ee5\u7528\u804c\u6743\u7f6a\u7684\u6b63\u72af\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e5f\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e86\u5f87\u79c1\u6789\u6cd5\u7f6a\u7684\u5171\u72af\uff08\u6559\u5506\uff09\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5f87\u79c1\u6789\u6cd5\u7f6a\u662f\u6ee5\u7528\u804c\u6743\u7f6a\u7684\u7279\u522b\u6761\u6b3e\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4e59\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u5f87\u79c1\u6789\u6cd5\u7f6a\u7684\u6b63\u72af\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u8c13\u6ee5\u7528\u804c\u6743\u7f6a\u7684\u6b63\u72af\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u7532\u3001\u4e59\u5747\u540c\u65f6\u89e6\u72af\u6ee5\u7528\u804c\u6743\u7f6a\u4e0e\u5f87\u79c1\u6789\u6cd5\u7f6a\u3002\u6839\u636e\u5904\u7406\u6cd5\u6761\u7ade\u5408\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e59\u53ea\u80fd\u6309\u5f87\u79c1\u6789\u6cd5\u7f6a\u8bba\u5904\uff1b\u5bf9\u7532\u5219\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u6ee5\u7528\u804c\u6743\u7f6a\u7684\u6b63\u72af\u8bba\u5904\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u7167\u5f87\u79c1\u6789\u6cd5\u7f6a\u7684\u5171\u72af\uff08\u6559\u5506\u72af\uff09\u8bba\u5904\uff1b\u6b64\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u6bd4\u8f83\u6cd5\u5b9a\u5211\u7684\u8f7b\u91cd\uff0c\u5bf9\u7532\u5e94\u4ece\u4e00\u91cd\u7f6a\u8bba\u5904\u3002[46]<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u4e09\uff0c\u5b9e\u65bd\u6784\u6210\u8981\u4ef6\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u4eba\u6709\u8eab\u4efd\u5374\u65e0\u8d23\u4efb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b14\uff1a\u666e\u901a\u516c\u6c11A\u4e0e\u516c\u53f8\u51fa\u7eb3B\u5173\u7cfb\u5bc6\u5207\u3002A\u8c0e\u79f0\u8981\u8d2d\u4e70\u6c7d\u8f66\uff0c\u5506\u4f7fB\u5c06\u516c\u53f8\u8d44\u91d1\u632a\u7ed9\u81ea\u5df1\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5e76\u201c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u201d\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5b9a\u671f\u5b58\u6b3e\u4e24\u5468\u540e\u5230\u671f\u5373\u53ef\u5f52\u8fd8\u3002B\u4fe1\u4ee5\u4e3a\u771f\uff0c\u4fbf\u5c06\u516c\u53f8\u8d44\u91d130\u4e07\u5143\u632a\u51fa\u4ea4\u7ed9A.A\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u8d44\u91d1\u8d4c\u535a\u5e76\u83b7\u5229\uff0c\u5728\u4e24\u5468\u5185\u5c0630\u4e07\u5143\u5f52\u8fd8\u7ed9B\u6240\u5728\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6839\u636e\u5211\u6cd5\u7b2c272\u6761\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u5982\u679cB\u77e5\u9053A\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u8d44\u91d1\u8d4c\u535a\uff0c\u4fbf\u662f\u632a\u7528\u8d44\u91d1\u7f6a\u7684\u6b63\u72af\uff0cA\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u7acb\u5171\u72af\u3002[47]\u4f46\u662f\uff0cB\u5bf9\u4e8eA\u4f7f\u752830\u4e07\u5143\u8d4c\u535a\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u5e76\u4e0d\u77e5\u60c5\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230A\u5229\u7528\u8d44\u91d1\u8fdb\u884c\u975e\u6cd5\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8bef\u4ee5\u4e3aA\u5c06\u8d44\u91d1\u7528\u4e8e\u8d2d\u8f66\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u632a\u7528\u8d44\u91d1\u7f6a\u7684\u6545\u610f\u3002\u4ea6\u5373\uff0cA\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e0a\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86B\u5b9e\u65bd\u632a\u7528\u8d44\u91d1\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u5f15\u8d77B\u632a\u7528\u8d44\u91d1\u7684\u6545\u610f\u3002[48]\u6309\u7167\u5211\u6cd5\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u201c\u6240\u8c13\u6559\u5506\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5506\u4f7f\u5177\u6709\u5211\u4e8b\u8d23\u4efb\u80fd\u529b\u6ca1\u6709\u72af\u7f6a\u6545\u610f\u7684\u4eba\u4ea7\u751f\u72af\u7f6a\u6545\u610f\u3002\u201d[49]\u4e8e\u662f\uff0cA\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb\u632a\u7528\u8d44\u91d1\u7f6a\u7684\u6559\u5506\u72af\u3002\u6982\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u6211\u56fd\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u89c2\u70b9\uff0cA\u4e0eB\u4e0d\u80fd\u6210\u7acb\u632a\u7528\u8d44\u91d1\u7f6a\u7684\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\uff0c\u4e14\u5747\u4e0d\u53d7\u5211\u7f5a\u5904\u7f5a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6216\u8bb8\u6709\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0cA\u6210\u7acb\u632a\u7528\u8d44\u91d1\u7f6a\u7684\u95f4\u63a5\u6b63\u72af\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u4e0d\u80fd\u6210\u7acb\u3002\u632a\u7528\u8d44\u91d1\u7f6a\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u8eab\u4efd\u72af\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5177\u5907\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u4eba\u624d\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u6b63\u72af\u3002\u95f4\u63a5\u6b63\u72af\u662f\u6b63\u72af\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u4eba\u624d\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u8eab\u4efd\u72af\u7684\u95f4\u63a5\u6b63\u72af\u3002\u5fb7\u56fd\u5211\u6cd5\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u5224\u4f8b\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u4e89\u8bae\u5730\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u8eab\u4efd\u72af\u4e2d\uff0c\u95f4\u63a5\u6b63\u72af\u5fc5\u987b\u5177\u6709\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u6210\u7acb\u6559\u5506\u72af\u4e0e\u5e2e\u52a9\u72af\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u95f4\u63a5\u6b63\u72af\u662f\u6b63\u72af\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5171\u72af\uff0c\u5211\u6cd5\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u5c31\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u6b63\u72af\u800c\u8a00\u7684\u3002[50]\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u5b66\u8005\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u5728\u5e55\u540e\u6b20\u7f3a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8be5\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u6784\u6210\u8981\u4ef6\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u7684\u7279\u522b\u8d44\u683c\u65f6\uff08\u771f\u6b63\u8eab\u4efd\u72af\uff09\uff0c\u95f4\u63a5\u6b63\u72af\u88ab\u6392\u9664\u3002\u201d[51]\u5fb7\u56fd\u8054\u90a6\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u5224\u51b3\u4e5f\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u65e0\u8eab\u4efd\u8005\u4e0d\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u8eab\u4efd\u72af\u7684\u95f4\u63a5\u6b63\u72af\u3002[52]\u5982\u679c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8eab\u4efd\u72af\u7684\u95f4\u63a5\u6b63\u72af\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7279\u6b8a\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u7136\u4f7f\u6784\u6210\u8981\u4ef6\u4e27\u5931\u5b9a\u578b\u6027\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u8fdd\u53cd\u7f6a\u5211\u6cd5\u5b9a\u539f\u5219\u3002[53]\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u7532\u8ba9\u59bb\u5b50\u4e59\u63a5\u6536\u8d3f\u8d42\u7684\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u662f\u53d7\u8d3f\u7f6a\u7684\u6b63\u72af\uff0c\u5176\u59bb\u5b50\u4e3a\u5e2e\u52a9\u72af\uff1b\u800c\u5e76\u975e\u59bb\u5b50\u662f\u6b63\u72af\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u662f\u5e2e\u52a9\u72af\u3002[54]\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4e59\u80c1\u8feb\u7532\u7d22\u53d6\u8d3f\u8d42\uff0c\u5e76\u7531\u4e59\u4eb2\u624b\u63a5\u6536\u8d3f\u8d42\uff0c\u4e59\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u7acb\u53d7\u8d3f\u7f6a\u7684\u95f4\u63a5\u6b63\u72af\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u4f8b14\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f97\u51faA\u4e0eB\u5747\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb\u632a\u7528\u8d44\u91d1\u7f6a\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u5408\u9002\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u4ee5\u4e0d\u6cd5\u4e3a\u91cd\u5fc3\u3001\u4ee5\u6b63\u72af\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3001\u4ee5\u5171\u72af\u4ece\u5c5e\u6027\u539f\u7406\u4e3a\u6307\u5bfc\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6848\u4ef6\u5c31\u4f1a\u8fce\u5203\u800c\u89e3\uff1a\u5177\u6709\u516c\u53f8\u4eba\u5458\u8eab\u4efd\u7684B\uff0c\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e0a\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e86\u7b26\u5408\u632a\u7528\u8d44\u91d1\u7f6a\u6784\u6210\u8981\u4ef6\uff08\u632a\u7528\u8d44\u91d1\u8fdb\u884c\u975e\u6cd5\u6d3b\u52a8\uff09\u7684\u8fdd\u6cd5\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u6cd5\u5c42\u9762\u662f\u6b63\u72af\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u6ca1\u6709\u6545\u610f\uff0c\u5373\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8d23\u4efb\u800c\u4e0d\u53ef\u7f5a\u3002\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u9650\u5236\u4ece\u5c5e\u6027\u8bf4\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u6b63\u72af\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5177\u5907\u6784\u6210\u8981\u4ef6\u7b26\u5408\u6027\u4e0e\u8fdd\u6cd5\u6027\uff0c\u6559\u5506\u72af\u4e0e\u5e2e\u52a9\u72af\u5c31\u5f97\u4ee5\u6210\u7acb\u3002\u7531\u4e8eA\u7684\u6559\u5506\u884c\u4e3a\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u6b63\u72af\u7b26\u5408\u6784\u6210\u8981\u4ef6\u7684\u8fdd\u6cd5\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5177\u5907\u6545\u610f\u7b49\u8d23\u4efb\u8981\u7d20\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0cA\u6210\u7acb\u632a\u7528\u8d44\u91d1\u7f6a\u7684\u6559\u5506\u72af\u3002[55]\u5728\u5b9e\u65bd\u6784\u6210\u8981\u4ef6\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u4eba\u6709\u8eab\u4efd\u4f46\u4e0d\u5177\u5907\u5176\u4ed6\u8d23\u4efb\u8981\u7d20\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u96be\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b63\u72af\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u5728\u6b63\u72af\u884c\u4e3a\u7b26\u5408\u6784\u6210\u8981\u4ef6\u4e14\u8fdd\u6cd5\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u518d\u5224\u65ad\u5171\u72af\u6210\u7acb\u4e0e\u5426\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u8ba4\u5b9a\u76f8\u5f53\u987a\u5229\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u80fd\u591f\u5f97\u51fa\u59a5\u5f53\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u540c\u6837\u7684\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u5728\u53f8\u6cd5\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u6848\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5e94\u5f53\u5206\u6848\u5ba1\u7406\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u5f97\u5148\u5ba1\u7406\u6559\u5506\u72af\u3001\u5e2e\u52a9\u72af\uff0c\u540e\u5ba1\u7406\u6b63\u72af\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u8ba4\u5b9a\u6b63\u72af\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u8ba4\u5b9a\u6559\u5506\u72af\u4e0e\u5e2e\u52a9\u72af\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8bda\u7136\uff0c\u6211\u56fd\u5211\u6cd5\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u6b63\u72af\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4f46\u5211\u6cd5\u5206\u5219\u5c31\u5355\u72ec\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u6b63\u72af\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u3002\u5211\u6cd5\u603b\u5219\u5173\u4e8e\u6559\u5506\u72af\u3001\u5e2e\u52a9\u72af\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e5f\u4ece\u53cd\u9762\u80af\u5b9a\u4e86\u6b63\u72af\u3002[56]\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5211\u6cd5\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u6b63\u72af\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u5211\u6cd5\u4e2d\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u201c\u72af\u7f6a\u6784\u6210\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u72af\u7f6a\u6784\u6210\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u6709\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u4ee5\u6bd4\u8f83\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u6848\u4ef6\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5426\u8ba4\u6b63\u72af\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6b63\u72af\u6982\u5ff5\u5bf9\u4e8e\u89e3\u51b3\u884c\u4e3a\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u5426\u6784\u6210\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u4e0d\u8d77\u4ec0\u4e48\u6839\u672c\u6027\u4f5c\u7528\u3002[57]\u4e5f\u6709\u5b66\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u6211\u56fd\u5211\u6cd5\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u5355\u4e00\u6b63\u72af\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u5373\u6240\u6709\u53c2\u4e0e\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u4eba\u5747\u4e3a\u6b63\u72af\uff1b\u201c\u5b9e\u884c\u72af\u3001\u6559\u5506\u72af\u548c\u5e2e\u52a9\u72af\u5e76\u65e0\u4e25\u683c\u52a0\u4ee5\u533a\u5206\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u2026\u2026\u5b9e\u884c\u72af\u3001\u6559\u5506\u72af\u548c\u5e2e\u52a9\u72af\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u90fd\u662f\u4e92\u76f8\u8054\u7cfb\u3001\u4e92\u76f8\u5229\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5355\u72ec\u62bd\u53d6\u51fa\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\u3002\u201d[58]\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u663e\u7136\u65e8\u5728\u7ef4\u62a4\u6211\u56fd\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u7406\u8bba\u53ca\u5176\u8ba4\u5b9a\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u73b0\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u75c7\u7ed3\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u8ba4\u6e05\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5982\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ee5\u6b63\u72af\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u8bb8\u591a\u6848\u4ef6\u675f\u624b\u65e0\u7b56\u3002\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4f8b14\u5c31\u5145\u5206\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u56db\u3001\u4ee5\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u72af\u7f6a\u6709\u65e2\u9042\u4e0e\u672a\u9042\u4e4b\u5206\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5728\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u53c2\u4e0e\u4eba\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u5171\u72af\u4eba\u4e0e\u53c2\u4e0e\u4eba\u5e94\u5426\u5bf9\u6cd5\u76ca\u4fb5\u5bb3\u7ed3\u679c\u8d1f\u8d23\uff0c\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5171\u72af\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u65e2\u5173\u7cfb\u5230\u5171\u72af\u6210\u7acb\u4e0e\u5426\uff0c\u4e5f\u5173\u7cfb\u5230\u5171\u72af\u5e94\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u627f\u62c5\u8d23\u4efb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b15\uff1a\u7532\u3001\u4e59\u4e8c\u4eba\u540c\u65f6\u5f00\u67aa\u5c04\u51fb\u4e19\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u53d1\u5b50\u5f39\u51fb\u4e2d\u4e19\u3002\u8bbe\u5b9aA\u3001B\u4e24\u79cd\u60c5\u5f62\uff1aA\u60c5\u5f62\u4e3a\uff0c\u7532\u51fb\u4e2d\u4e86\u4e19\uff1bB\u60c5\u5f62\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u67e5\u660e\u8c01\u51fb\u4e2d\u4e86\u4e19\u3002\u6839\u636e\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7532\u3001\u4e59\u4e8c\u4eba\u6210\u7acb\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5728A\u60c5\u5f62\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e59\u4e5f\u8981\u5bf9\u4e19\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u8d1f\u8d23\uff1b\u5728B\u60c5\u5f62\u4e2d\uff0c\u7532\u3001\u4e59\u5747\u8981\u5bf9\u4e19\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u8d1f\u8d23\u3002\u5018\u82e5\u7532\u3001\u4e59\u4e8c\u4eba\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5728A\u60c5\u5f62\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e59\u4ec5\u6210\u7acb\u6740\u4eba\u672a\u9042\uff1b\u5728B\u60c5\u5f62\u4e2d\uff0c\u7532\u3001\u4e59\u5747\u53ea\u6210\u7acb\u6740\u4eba\u672a\u9042\u3002\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e00\u65e6\u6210\u7acb\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\uff0c\u7532\u3001\u4e59\u4e8c\u4eba\u5c31\u90fd\u8981\u5bf9\u4e19\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7ed3\u679c\u627f\u62c5\u5211\u4e8b\u8d23\u4efb\uff1f\u6216\u8bb8\u4eba\u4eec\u4f1a\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5211\u6cd5\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u3002\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u5211\u6cd5\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8fd9\u6837\u89c4\u5b9a\uff1f\u7b54\u6848\u53ea\u80fd\u662f\uff1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e19\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7ed3\u679c\u80fd\u591f\u5f52\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7532\u3001\u4e59\u4e8c\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\uff0c\u7532\u2019\u3001\u4e59\u4e8c\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u4e19\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5171\u72af\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u6210\u4e3a\u5171\u72af\u8bba\u4e2d\u7279\u522b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u65e5\u672c\u5b66\u8005\u6240\u8a00\uff1a\u201c\u5171\u72af\u8bba\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u662f\u80fd\u5426\u8ba4\u5b9a\u5171\u72af\u884c\u4e3a\uff08\u5171\u540c\u6216\u8005\u95f4\u63a5\uff09\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u6cd5\u76ca\u4fb5\u5bb3\u3001\u5371\u9669\u7684\u5171\u72af\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u5177\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c06\u5171\u72af\u6784\u6210\u8981\u4ef6\u9650\u5b9a\u5728\u4f55\u79cd\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u5171\u72af\u7684\u9650\u5b9a\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u201d[59]<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u524d\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u8ba4\u5b9a\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5\u6b63\u72af\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u5728\u6b63\u72af\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0d\u6cd5\u65f6\u8ba4\u5b9a\u5171\u72af\u662f\u5426\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8ba4\u5b9a\u5171\u72af\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u5426\u4e0e\u6b63\u72af\u7684\u4e0d\u6cd5\u4e4b\u95f4\u5177\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5177\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u6027\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u6cd5\u5c42\u9762\u4fbf\u6210\u7acb\u5171\u72af\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u5224\u65ad\u53c2\u4e0e\u4eba\u662f\u5426\u5177\u6709\u6545\u610f\u3002\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u5171\u72af\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e\u6b63\u72af\u884c\u4e3a\u4e4b\u95f4\u5177\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u6027\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e\u6b63\u72af\u9020\u6210\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff08\u6b63\u72af\u7ed3\u679c\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\u5177\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u6027\uff1f\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6559\u5506\u72af\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u6b63\u72af\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u6240\u5177\u6709\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6027\uff0c\u662f\u5bb9\u6613\u8ba4\u5b9a\u7684\u3002[60]\u9700\u8981\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u662f\u5e2e\u52a9\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u663e\u800c\u6613\u89c1\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6b63\u72af\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u6b63\u72af\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5e2e\u52a9\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u6b63\u72af\u884c\u4e3a\u4e4b\u95f4\u6ca1\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u6027\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u884c\u4e3a\u5c31\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u6b63\u72af\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u5177\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u3002\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u5f53\u5e2e\u52a9\u884c\u4e3a\u4ec5\u5bf9\u6b63\u72af\u884c\u4e3a\u5177\u6709\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u5bf9\u6b63\u72af\u7ed3\u679c\u8d77\u5230\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4f5c\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u4e0e\u6b63\u72af\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u6ca1\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u65f6\uff0c\u80fd\u5426\u5c06\u6b63\u72af\u7ed3\u679c\u5f52\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5e2e\u52a9\u72af\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u5371\u9669\u8bf4\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u6b63\u72af\u5b9e\u884c\u4e4b\u9645\u4f7f\u6b63\u72af\u7684\u5b9e\u884c\u66f4\u4e3a\u5bb9\u6613\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5c31\u95f4\u63a5\u5730\u5bf9\u6cd5\u76ca\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5371\u9669\uff0c\u8fd9\u4fbf\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4ece\u72af\u5904\u7f5a\u7684\u7406\u7531\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4e0d\u8981\u6c42\u5e2e\u52a9\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u6b63\u72af\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u5177\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5e2e\u52a9\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u6b63\u72af\u884c\u4e3a\u4e4b\u95f4\u5177\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u4e00\u822c\u5730\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u884c\u4e3a\u5f3a\u5316\u3001\u52a9\u957f\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u5c31\u6210\u7acb\u5e2e\u52a9\u72af\u3002[61]\u6211\u56fd\u4f20\u7edf\u7406\u8bba\u5728\u8bba\u8ff0\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u6210\u7acb\u6761\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u6c42\u4e8c\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5177\u6709\u5171\u540c\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u65e2\u6ca1\u6709\u8981\u6c42\u5171\u72af\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u6b63\u72af\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u5177\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u8981\u6c42\u5171\u72af\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u6b63\u72af\u884c\u4e3a\u4e4b\u95f4\u5177\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u6027\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u5371\u9669\u8bf4\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u5371\u9669\u8bf4\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u533a\u5206\u53ef\u7f5a\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e0e\u4e0d\u53ef\u7f5a\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6211\u56fd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b16\uff1a\u4e59\u4e0e\u4e19\u5435\u67b6\u540e\uff0c\u7532\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4e59\u4f1a\u6740\u5bb3\u4e19\uff0c\u4fbf\u5c06\u4e00\u628a\u957f\u5200\u9012\u7ed9\u4e59\uff0c\u4f46\u4e59\u6839\u672c\u6ca1\u6709\u6740\u5bb3\u4e19\u3002\u6309\u7167\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u5371\u9669\u8bf4\uff0c\u7532\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e5f\u201c\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u5730\u201d\u52a9\u957f\u4e86\u4e59\u7684\u72af\u610f\u3002\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u56fd\u5211\u6cd5\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u672a\u9042\u72af\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u6b63\u72af\u800c\u8a00\u7684\uff0c\u5211\u6cd5\u7b2c27\u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u72af\u4e5f\u4ec5\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u7532\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0d\u53ef\u7f5a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u5371\u9669\u8bf4\u5e76\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u6211\u56fd\u5211\u6cd5\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53ea\u8981\u884c\u4e3a\u4eba\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e86\u5e2e\u52a9\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5bf9\u6b63\u72af\u884c\u4e3a\u6ca1\u6709\u4ea7\u751f\u5f71\u54cd\u4e5f\u6210\u7acb\u5e2e\u52a9\u72af\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u533a\u5206\u5bf9\u65e2\u9042\u72af\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e0e\u5bf9\u672a\u9042\u72af\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u80fd\u533a\u5206\u5bf9\u672a\u9042\u72af\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e0e\u5e2e\u52a9\u672a\u9042\u3002[62]<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b17\uff1a\u7532\u6b32\u5165\u6237\u76d7\u7a83\u4e19\u7684\u8d22\u7269\uff0c\u8ba9\u4e59\u5c06\u4e19\u5bb6\u7684\u94a5\u5319\u653e\u5728\u4e19\u5bb6\u7684\u4fe1\u7bb1\u91cc\uff0c\u4e59\u7b54\u5e94\u540e\u5c06\u4e19\u5bb6\u7684\u94a5\u5319\u9519\u653e\u5728\u522b\u4eba\u5bb6\u7684\u4fe1\u7bb1\u91cc\u3002\u7532\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u73b0\u94a5\u5319\uff0c\u5c31\u91c7\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u6cd5\u5165\u6237\u76d7\u7a83\u4e86\u4e19\u5bb6\u7684\u8d22\u7269\u3002\u5982\u679c\u91c7\u53d6\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u5371\u9669\u8bf4\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e59\u5e94\u5f53\u627f\u62c5\u76d7\u7a83\u65e2\u9042\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u4e59\u7684\u6240\u8c13\u5e2e\u52a9\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u7532\u7684\u76d7\u7a83\u884c\u4e3a\u3001\u76d7\u7a83\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u6ca1\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u3002\u4e59\u662f\u5e2e\u52a9\u672a\u9042\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5bf9\u672a\u9042\u72af\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u662f\u5bf9\u65e2\u9042\u72af\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e94\u5f53\u5c06\u7532\u7684\u76d7\u7a83\u7ed3\u679c\u5f52\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e59\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5371\u9669\u8bf4\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6027\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u662f\u96be\u4ee5\u9650\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u4e88\u4ee5\u653e\u5f03\uff0c\u800c\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u91c7\u53d6\u201c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u201d\u516c\u5f0f\u3002\u4ea6\u5373\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u5ba2\u89c2\u5f52\u8d23\u539f\u7406\u7684\u201c\u5371\u9669\u589e\u52a0\u8bba\u201d\uff0c\u4ece\u884c\u4e3a\u65f6\u70b9\u6709\u4e13\u95e8\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u89c6\u70b9\u6765\u8003\u5bdf\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5e2e\u52a9\u884c\u4e3a\u201c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u6b63\u72af\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u6210\u529f\u673a\u4f1a\u201d\uff0c\u5c31\u6210\u7acb\u65e2\u9042\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002[63]\u636e\u6b64\uff0c\u5411\u5165\u6237\u76d7\u7a83\u7684\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u5165\u6237\u94a5\u5319\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6b63\u72af\u6ca1\u6709\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u94a5\u5319\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u8981\u4e8b\u524d\u80fd\u591f\u8ba4\u5b9a\u8be5\u94a5\u5319\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u5e94\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e3a\u65e2\u9042\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002[64]\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5371\u9669\u8bf4\u540c\u6837\u4e0d\u80fd\u533a\u5206\u5bf9\u65e2\u9042\u72af\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e0e\u5bf9\u672a\u9042\u72af\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u533a\u5206\u5bf9\u672a\u9042\u72af\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e0e\u5e2e\u52a9\u672a\u9042\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b18\uff1a\u6b63\u72af\u7532\u51b3\u610f\u5165\u6237\u76d7\u7a83\uff0c\u4e59\u77e5\u60c5\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5165\u6237\u7684\u94a5\u5319\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u7532\u51fa\u95e8\u65f6\u5fd8\u4e86\u5e26\u4e59\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u94a5\u5319\uff0c\u5230\u73b0\u573a\u540e\u7ffb\u7a97\u5165\u6237\u7a83\u53d6\u4e86\u8d22\u7269\u3002\u5728\u672c\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4e8b\u524d\u80fd\u591f\u80af\u5b9a\u5165\u6237\u76d7\u7a83\u9700\u8981\u94a5\u5319\uff0c\u4f46\u5c06\u4e59\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e3a\u65e2\u9042\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u660e\u663e\u4e0d\u5f53\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b63\u72af\u884c\u4e3a\u8bf4\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5e2e\u52a9\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u6b63\u72af\u884c\u4e3a\u4e4b\u95f4\u5177\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u5373\u53ef\uff1b\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u53ea\u8981\u5e2e\u52a9\u884c\u4e3a\u4f7f\u6b63\u72af\u884c\u4e3a\u53d8\u5f97\u53ef\u80fd\u3001\u5bb9\u6613\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4fc3\u8fdb\u3001\u5f3a\u5316\u4e86\u6b63\u72af\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5c31\u8db3\u4ee5\u8ba4\u5b9a\u5e2e\u52a9\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u3002\u201d[65]\u201c\u5fb7\u56fd\u5386\u6765\u7684\u5224\u4f8b\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u662f\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u6c42\u5e2e\u52a9\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u6b63\u72af\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u5177\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u6027\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5e2e\u52a9\u884c\u4e3a\u4fc3\u8fdb\uff08fordern\uff09\u4e86\u6b63\u72af\u2018\u884c\u4e3a\u2019\u5c31\u8db3\u591f\u4e86\u3002\u636e\u6b64\uff0cB\u5c06\u4ed3\u5e93\u7684\u94a5\u5319\u4ea4\u7ed9A\uff0c\u4f46A\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8be5\u94a5\u5319\u5bf9\u4fb5\u5165\u4ed3\u5e93\u4e0d\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u7528\u53e6\u5916\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4fb5\u5165\u4ed3\u5e93\u7a83\u53d6\u4e86\u8d22\u7269\u65f6\uff0c\u6216\u8005A\u5c06\u94c1\u94b3\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4fb5\u5165\u4ed3\u5e93\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u4ea4\u7ed9\u4e86A\uff0c\u4f46A\u6ca1\u6709\u4f7f\u7528\u94c1\u94b3\u800c\u7528\u522b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4fb5\u5165\u4ed3\u5e93\u7a83\u53d6\u4e86\u8d22\u7269\u65f6\uff0cB\u8981\u88ab\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e3a\u76d7\u7a83\u65e2\u9042\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002\u201d[66]<\/p>\n<p>\u6b63\u72af\u884c\u4e3a\u8bf4\u6709\u4e24\u70b9\u7406\u7531\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u5e2e\u52a9\u72af\u662f\u6307\u5e2e\u52a9\u6b63\u72af\u8005\uff0c[67]\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u201c\u53ea\u8981\u5e2e\u52a9\u884c\u4e3a\u63f4\u52a9\u4e86\u6b63\u72af\uff0c\u4f7f\u6b63\u72af\u884c\u4e3a\u66f4\u4e3a\u5bb9\u6613\u5c31\u8db3\u591f\u4e86\u3002\u5e94\u5f53\u5c06\u5e2e\u52a9\u72af\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u5728\u7269\u7406\u4e0a\u6216\u8005\u5fc3\u7406\u4e0a\u4f7f\u6b63\u72af\u884c\u4e3a\u66f4\u4e3a\u5bb9\u6613\u3002\u201d[68]\uff082\uff09\u5e2e\u52a9\u884c\u4e3a\u53ea\u80fd\u4f7f\u6b63\u72af\u884c\u4e3a\u53d8\u5f97\u5bb9\u6613\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5c06\u5e2e\u52a9\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u6b63\u72af\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u4f5c\u4e3a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8bc1\u660e\u5e2e\u52a9\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6027\uff0c\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u5f88\u52c9\u5f3a\u7684\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u4ece\u5171\u72af\u4ece\u5c5e\u6027\u8bf4\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u6b63\u72af\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8981\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6b63\u72af\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u884c\u4e3a\u6765\u8003\u8651\uff1b\u5e2e\u52a9\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u6cd5\u76ca\u4fb5\u5bb3\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b63\u72af\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u4e3a\u524d\u63d0\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5e2e\u52a9\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u6b63\u72af\u884c\u4e3a\u4e4b\u95f4\u5177\u6709\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5173\u7cfb\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\u3002[69]<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e24\u70b9\u7406\u7531\u4e0d\u80fd\u6210\u7acb\u3002\uff081\uff09\u4ece\u6587\u7406\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u5211\u6cd5\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u201c\u5e2e\u52a9\u6b63\u72af\u8005\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u53ea\u662f\u5bf9\u6b63\u72af\u884c\u4e3a\u8d77\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\uff082\uff09\u8bda\u7136\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u6b63\u72af\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f46\u5e2e\u52a9\u72af\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u672c\u6765\u5c31\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4ed6\u4eba\u95f4\u63a5\u5730\u5f15\u8d77\u6cd5\u76ca\u4fb5\u5bb3\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u4ee5\u5224\u65ad\u5e2e\u52a9\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u5426\u4e0e\u6b63\u72af\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u5177\u6709\u95f4\u63a5\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u3002\u4ea6\u5373\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u5426\u7ecf\u7531\u6b63\u72af\u884c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u7ed3\u679c\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\uff083\uff09\u6240\u8c13\u5bf9\u6b63\u72af\u884c\u4e3a\u8d77\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u8ba4\u5b9a\u6807\u51c6\u662f\u76f8\u5f53\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\u3002\u5728\u6b63\u72af\u6ca1\u6709\u4f7f\u7528\u5e2e\u52a9\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4fb5\u5165\u4ed3\u5e93\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u65f6\uff0c\u96be\u4ee5\u5224\u65ad\u8be5\u5e2e\u52a9\u884c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u6b63\u72af\u884c\u4e3a\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\uff084\uff09\u5982\u679c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53ea\u8981\u5e2e\u52a9\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u6b63\u72af\u884c\u4e3a\u4e4b\u95f4\u5177\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u5c31\u591f\u4e86\uff0c\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u533a\u5206\u5bf9\u6b63\u72af\u672a\u9042\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e0e\u5bf9\u6b63\u72af\u65e2\u9042\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u4e3a\u672a\u9042\u7684\u53ef\u7f5a\u6027\u63d0\u4f9b\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u5bf9\u65e2\u9042\u627f\u62c5\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u6839\u636e\u3002\u8fd9\u660e\u663e\u4e0d\u59a5\u5f53\u3002[70]\uff085\uff09\u6b63\u72af\u884c\u4e3a\u8bf4\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u8fdd\u6cd5\u5171\u72af\u8bba\u7684\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fdd\u6cd5\u5171\u72af\u8bba\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u5b58\u5728\u91cd\u5927\u7f3a\u9677\u3002[71]<\/p>\n<p>\u6b63\u72af\u7ed3\u679c\u8bf4\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u5e2e\u52a9\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u6b63\u72af\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u4f7f\u5e2e\u52a9\u72af\u627f\u62c5\u65e2\u9042\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u3002[72]\u672c\u6587\u63d0\u5021\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u65e2\u7136\u91c7\u53d6\u56e0\u679c\u5171\u72af\u8bba\uff0c\u5c31\u53ea\u80fd\u91c7\u53d6\u6b63\u72af\u7ed3\u679c\u8bf4\u3002\u6839\u636e\u56e0\u679c\u5171\u72af\u8bba\uff0c\u5171\u72af\u7684\u5904\u7f5a\u6839\u636e\uff0c\u5728\u4e8e\u901a\u8fc7\u6b63\u72af\u5f15\u8d77\u7b26\u5408\u6784\u6210\u8981\u4ef6\u7684\u6cd5\u76ca\u4fb5\u5bb3\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u5e2e\u52a9\u884c\u4e3a\u4ece\u7269\u7406\u4e0a\u6216\u8005\u5fc3\u7406\u4e0a\u4fc3\u8fdb\u3001\u5f3a\u5316\u4e86\u6b63\u72af\u7ed3\u679c\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u4e3a\u5e2e\u52a9\u72af\u7684\u5904\u7f5a\u63d0\u4f9b\u6839\u636e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5e2e\u52a9\u884c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u6784\u6210\u8981\u4ef6\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6ca1\u6709\u4ea7\u751f\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5c06\u6b63\u72af\u7ed3\u679c\u5f52\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5e2e\u52a9\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u8005\u5c31\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u627f\u62c5\u65e2\u9042\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u800c\u8981\u8ba4\u5b9a\u5171\u72af\u901a\u8fc7\u6b63\u72af\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u6784\u6210\u8981\u4ef6\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5c31\u5f97\u8981\u6c42\u5e2e\u52a9\u884c\u4e3a\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u6b63\u72af\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u8bf4\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u884c\u4e3a\u901a\u8fc7\u4ecb\u5165\u6b63\u72af\u884c\u4e3a\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u6cd5\u76ca\u4fb5\u5bb3\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u5728\u4f8b7\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e59\u867d\u7136\u4e3b\u52a8\u5e2e\u7532\u671b\u98ce\uff0c\u4f46\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e0a\u6ca1\u6709\u5bf9\u7532\u7684\u76d7\u7a83\u7ed3\u679c\u4ea7\u751f\u4efb\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u7269\u7406\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u3002\u53c8\u7531\u4e8e\u7532\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u4e59\u5728\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u671b\u98ce\uff0c\u4e59\u7684\u671b\u98ce\u884c\u4e3a\u6ca1\u6709\u4ece\u5fc3\u7406\u4e0a\u5f3a\u5316\u3001\u4fc3\u8fdb\u7532\u7684\u72af\u610f\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u4e0e\u7532\u7684\u76d7\u7a83\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u3002\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4e59\u7684\u671b\u98ce\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u7532\u7684\u76d7\u7a83\u884c\u4e3a\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4e59\u5bf9\u7532\u7684\u76d7\u7a83\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u627f\u62c5\u4efb\u4f55\u5211\u4e8b\u8d23\u4efb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u533a\u5206\u5bf9\u672a\u9042\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e0e\u5bf9\u65e2\u9042\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u91c7\u53d6\u6b63\u72af\u7ed3\u679c\u8bf4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5c06\u5bf9\u7ed3\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u65e2\u9042\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e88\u4ee5\u5904\u7f5a\uff0c\u5c31\u4f7f\u5f97\u5bf9\u672a\u9042\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e0e\u5bf9\u65e2\u9042\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e27\u5931\u4e86\u754c\u9650\u3002\u5728\u4f8b8\u4e2d\uff0c\u7532\u7740\u624b\u5b9e\u884c\u76d7\u7a83\u884c\u4e3a\u65f6\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f\u4e59\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u94a5\u5319\u3002\u5c31\u6b64\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4e59\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u884c\u4e3a\u8fd8\u53ea\u662f\u5bf9\u672a\u9042\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4e59\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u94a5\u5319\u5bf9\u7532\u76d7\u8d70\u6c7d\u8f66\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u8d77\u5230\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e59\u4ec5\u627f\u62c5\u76d7\u7a83\u672a\u9042\u7684\u5211\u4e8b\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8ba9\u4e59\u5bf9\u7532\u76d7\u8d70\u6c7d\u8f66\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u627f\u62c5\u76d7\u7a83\u65e2\u9042\u7684\u5211\u4e8b\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e59\u8981\u4e3a\u4e0e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6ca1\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u627f\u62c5\u5211\u4e8b\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u8fd9\u660e\u663e\u4e0d\u5f53\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u5f52\u8d23\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u8981\u4ef6\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e2e\u52a9\u72af\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f8b\u5916\u3002\u5c31\u5355\u72ec\u6b63\u72af\u4ee5\u53ca\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u4e2d\u7684\u6b63\u72af\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u5c06\u7ed3\u679c\u5ba2\u89c2\u5f52\u8d23\u4e8e\u6b63\u72af\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u4e0e\u6b63\u72af\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e4b\u95f4\u6ca1\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4ee4\u6b63\u72af\u5bf9\u7ed3\u679c\u8d1f\u8d23\u3002\u5e2e\u52a9\u72af\u662f\u5211\u7f5a\u6269\u5f20\u4e8b\u7531\uff0c\u65e2\u7136\u5c06\u7ed3\u679c\u5f52\u8d23\u4e8e\u6b63\u72af\u4ee5\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u4e3a\u524d\u63d0\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5e2e\u52a9\u72af\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4e5f\u5fc5\u987b\u63d0\u51fa\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff1b\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0e\u5e2e\u52a9\u72af\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u5211\u7f5a\u6269\u5f20\u4e8b\u7531\u660e\u663e\u4e0d\u76f8\u5f53\u3002\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5e2e\u52a9\u72af\u5bf9\u4e0e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6ca1\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4e5f\u8981\u627f\u62c5\u65e2\u9042\u72af\u7684\u5211\u4e8b\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u662f\u4e3b\u89c2\u4e3b\u4e49\u5211\u6cd5\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u4e3a\u5f53\u4eca\u5211\u6cd5\u7406\u8bba\u6240\u4e0d\u53d6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7efc\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u5e2e\u52a9\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u6b63\u72af\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u5177\u6709\u7269\u7406\u7684\u6216\u8005\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u65f6\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u72af\u624d\u5bf9\u6b63\u72af\u7ed3\u679c\u8d1f\u8d23\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5e2e\u52a9\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u6b63\u72af\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7269\u7406\u56e0\u679c\u6027\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u5982\u4e0b\u60c5\u5f62\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u6ca1\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u6b63\u72af\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u72af\u5411\u6b63\u72af\u63d0\u4f9b\u6253\u5f00\u4fdd\u9669\u67dc\u7684\u94a5\u5319\uff0c\u6b63\u72af\u5229\u7528\u8be5\u94a5\u5319\u7a83\u53d6\u4e86\u4fdd\u9669\u67dc\u5185\u7684\u73b0\u91d1\u3002\uff082\uff09\u5e2e\u52a9\u884c\u4e3a\u4f7f\u6b63\u72af\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u6269\u5927\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6b63\u72af\u5411\u5e2e\u52a9\u72af\u501f\u67aa\u6740\u4eba\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u72af\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u624b\u69b4\u5f39\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u66f4\u591a\u4eba\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002\uff083\uff09\u5e2e\u52a9\u884c\u4e3a\u4f7f\u6b63\u72af\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u52a0\u91cd\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6b63\u72af\u5411\u5e2e\u52a9\u72af\u7d22\u8981\u9ebb\u9189\u5242\u62a2\u52ab\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u72af\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u81f4\u4eba\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u54c1\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u6b63\u72af\u62a2\u52ab\u65f6\u81f4\u4eba\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002\uff084\uff09\u5e2e\u52a9\u884c\u4e3a\u4f7f\u6b63\u72af\u7ed3\u679c\u63d0\u524d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u72af\u63d0\u4f9b\u88ab\u5bb3\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u8e2a\uff0c\u4f7f\u6b63\u72af\u8fc5\u901f\u5730\u6740\u5bb3\u4e86\u88ab\u5bb3\u4eba\u3002\uff085\uff09\u5e2e\u52a9\u884c\u4e3a\u4f7f\u6b63\u72af\u7ed3\u679c\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u5371\u9669\u6027\u589e\u5927\uff08\u4f7f\u7ed3\u679c\u53d1\u751f\u66f4\u4e3a\u5bb9\u6613\uff09\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6b63\u72af\u51c6\u5907\u64ac\u7a97\u5165\u6237\u76d7\u7a83\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u72af\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5165\u6237\u76d7\u7a83\u7684\u94a5\u5319\uff0c\u4f7f\u6b63\u72af\u76d7\u7a83\u66f4\u4e3a\u5bb9\u6613\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5e2e\u52a9\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u6b63\u72af\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u56e0\u679c\u6027\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u5f3a\u5316\u6b63\u72af\u9020\u6210\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u51b3\u610f\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u6b63\u72af\u5b89\u5fc3\u5b9e\u65bd\u6cd5\u76ca\u4fb5\u5bb3\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u6cd5\u76ca\u4fb5\u5bb3\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b19\uff1a\u4e0e\u4e59\u7537\u6709\u4e0d\u6b63\u5f53\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7532\u5973\uff0c\u5f97\u77e5\u4e59\u60f3\u6740\u5bb3\u59bb\u5b50\u4e19\u65f6\u4fbf\u5bf9\u4e59\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6740\u4e86\u4e19\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u548c\u4f60\u7ed3\u5a5a\u3002\u201d\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u7532\u5f3a\u5316\u4e86\u4e59\u7684\u6740\u4eba\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u4e59\u653e\u5f03\u72af\u610f\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u4e59\u6740\u5bb3\u4e86\u4e19\u3002\u5bf9\u6b64\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u80af\u5b9a\u7532\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u6b63\u72af\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u5177\u6709\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u3002[73]<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5728\u5177\u4f53\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u884c\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u6b63\u72af\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u65e2\u5177\u6709\u7269\u7406\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u5177\u6709\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u671b\u98ce\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4f7f\u6b63\u72af\u5b89\u5fc3\u76d7\u7a83\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e0a\u963b\u6b62\u4e86\u88ab\u5bb3\u4eba\u7acb\u5373\u53d1\u73b0\u6b63\u72af\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u6b63\u72af\u76d7\u7a83\u65e2\u9042\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u91c7\u53d6\u6b63\u72af\u7ed3\u679c\u8bf4\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5982\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u9700\u8981\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u6b63\u72af\u884c\u4e3a\u8bf4\u4e0e\u6b63\u72af\u7ed3\u679c\u8bf4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u6709\u5b66\u8005\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u201c\u53ea\u8981\u5bf9\u6b63\u72af\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u65b9\u5f0f\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5c31\u4e0e\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u5177\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u201d[74]\u65e5\u672c\u4e5f\u6709\u5b66\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u201c\u5982\u679c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u6b63\u72af\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u5c31\u80fd\u8bc4\u4ef7\u4e3a\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u6b63\u72af\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u201d[75]\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6b63\u72af\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6b63\u72af\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u5e94\u5f53\u533a\u522b\u5f00\u6765\u7684\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u5728\u4f8b8\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e59\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u884c\u4e3a\u867d\u7136\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u6b63\u72af\u7684\u76d7\u7a83\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6b63\u72af\u7684\u76d7\u7a83\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b20\uff1a\u5e2e\u52a9\u72af\u5c06\u76d7\u7a83\u91d1\u5e93\u6240\u7528\u7684\u94a5\u5319\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ed9\u6b63\u72af\uff0c\u6b63\u72af\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u94a5\u5319\u65f6\u7528\u529b\u8fc7\u731b\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u94a5\u5319\u65ad\u5728\u9501\u4e2d\uff1b\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u6b63\u72af\u91c7\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u6cd5\u6253\u5f00\u4e86\u91d1\u5e93\uff0c\u76d7\u8d70\u4e86\u73b0\u91d1\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6b63\u72af\u4f7f\u7528\u5e2e\u52a9\u72af\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u94a5\u5319\u65f6\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u7740\u624b\u5b9e\u884c\u76d7\u7a83\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u72af\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u786e\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u6b63\u72af\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6b63\u72af\u4ee5\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u6cd5\u6253\u5f00\u4e86\u91d1\u5e93\uff0c\u6545\u4e0d\u80fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5e2e\u52a9\u72af\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u6b63\u72af\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u2018\u4e0e\u6b63\u72af\u884c\u4e3a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u548c\u4e0e\u6b63\u72af\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6027\uff0c\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u533a\u522b\u7684\u3002[76]<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u5728\u91c7\u53d6\u6b63\u72af\u7ed3\u679c\u8bf4\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u8fd8\u8981\u6c42\u5e2e\u52a9\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u6b63\u72af\u884c\u4e3a\u4e4b\u95f4\u5177\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u6709\u5b66\u8005\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u9274\u4e8e\u5171\u72af\u7684\u5904\u7f5a\u6839\u636e\u662f\u4ecb\u5165\u6b63\u72af\u884c\u4e3a\u5f15\u8d77\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\uff08\u5e7f\u4e49\u7684\uff09\u5171\u72af\u7684\u6210\u7acb\u8981\u4ef6\u7684\u5ba2\u89c2\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8981\u6c42\u4e0e\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u5177\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8981\u6c42\u6709\u4f7f\u6b63\u72af\u884c\u4e3a\u66f4\u4e3a\u5bb9\u6613\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u3002\u201d[77]\u4ece\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e0e\u6b63\u72af\u884c\u4e3a\u4e4b\u95f4\u5177\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u624d\u53ef\u80fd\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4e0e\u6b63\u72af\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u5177\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u3002\u4f46\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u80fd\u591f\u80af\u5b9a\u5e2e\u52a9\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u6b63\u72af\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u5177\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u6027\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u7136\u80fd\u591f\u80af\u5b9a\u5e2e\u52a9\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u6b63\u72af\u884c\u4e3a\u4e4b\u95f4\u5177\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5728\u5426\u5b9a\u4e86\u5e2e\u52a9\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u6b63\u72af\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u5177\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u80fd\u591f\u80af\u5b9a\u5e2e\u52a9\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u6b63\u72af\u884c\u4e3a\u4e4b\u95f4\u5177\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u6027\uff0c\u5219\u80fd\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e3a\u672a\u9042\u72af\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u72af\u3002\u524d\u8ff0\u4f8b8\u5373\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u5728\u91c7\u53d6\u6b63\u72af\u7ed3\u679c\u8bf4\u65f6\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u8981\u6c42\u5e2e\u52a9\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u6b63\u72af\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u5177\u6709\u201c\u6ca1\u6709\u524d\u8005\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u540e\u8005\u201d\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u8fd9\u5728\u5fb7\u56fd\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u5747\u5b58\u4e89\u8bae\u3002[78]\u5728\u672c\u6587\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u662f\u5426\u540c\u610f\u5bf9\u6761\u4ef6\u5173\u7cfb\u8fdb\u884c\u4fee\u6b63\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u7406\u89e3\u6b63\u72af\u7ed3\u679c\uff08\u662f\u5426\u91c7\u53d6\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u8bf4\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b21\uff1a\u7532\u51b3\u610f\u6740\u5bb3\u4e01\uff0c\u77e5\u60c5\u7684\u4e59\u4e0e\u4e19\u5e76\u65e0\u610f\u601d\u8054\u7edc\uff0c\u5374\u5206\u522b\u5411\u7532\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6027\u80fd\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u67aa\u652f\uff0c\u7532\u4f7f\u7528\u4e59\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u67aa\u652f\u6740\u5bb3\u4e86\u4e01\u3002\u6839\u636e\u6761\u4ef6\u5173\u7cfb\u5fc5\u8981\u8bf4\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u4e59\u4e0e\u4e19\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u90fd\u96be\u4ee5\u6210\u7acb\u5e2e\u52a9\u72af\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5373\u4f7f\u6ca1\u6709\u4e59\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u67aa\u652f\uff0c\u7532\u4e5f\u4f1a\u7528\u4e19\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u67aa\u652f\u6740\u5bb3\u4e01\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u4ea6\u7136\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5176\u4e00\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5bf9\u6761\u4ef6\u5173\u7cfb\u8fdb\u884c\u4fee\u6b63\uff0c[79]\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u4e59\u3001\u4e19\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u4e01\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4e4b\u95f4\u5747\u6709\u6761\u4ef6\u5173\u7cfb\uff1b\u5176\u4e8c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7ed3\u679c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u62bd\u8c61\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u4e01\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e01\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u88ab\u4ec0\u4e48\u67aa\u652f\u51fb\u4e2d\u800c\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u5219\u80fd\u80af\u5b9a\u4e59\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u4e01\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4e4b\u95f4\u5177\u6709\u6761\u4ef6\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5b58\u5728\u5982\u82e5\u6ca1\u6709\u8be5\u5e2e\u52a9\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u6b64\u65f6\u3001\u6b64\u79cd\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u6b63\u72af\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u80af\u5b9a\u5e2e\u52a9\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u3002[80]\u5728\u672c\u6587\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u91c7\u53d6\u6761\u4ef6\u8bf4\u65f6\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u80fd\u540c\u65f6\u91c7\u53d6\u5408\u6cd5\u5219\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u8bf4\u3002[81]\u5728\u4f8b21\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e59\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u67aa\u652f\u5408\u6cd5\u5219\u5730\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u4e01\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u80af\u5b9a\u4e59\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u4e01\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7269\u7406\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u56db\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u6b63\u72af\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7269\u7406\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u65f6\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u5fc5\u7136\u610f\u5473\u7740\u540c\u65f6\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u3002\u5728\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7269\u7406\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5224\u65ad\u6709\u65e0\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6027\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u4ea6\u7136\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u7269\u7406\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u6bd4\u8f83\u5bb9\u6613\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u6545\u5e94\u5148\u5224\u65ad\u7269\u7406\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u3002[82]\u5728\u4f8b\u300221\u4e2d\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4e19\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u4e0e\u4e01\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u6ca1\u6709\u7269\u7406\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u4e19\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e5f\u5f3a\u5316\u3001\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u7532\u7684\u72af\u610f\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u4e0e\u4e01\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u5177\u6709\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u3002[83]<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b22\uff1a\u7532\u6253\u7b97\u5165\u6237\u76d7\u7a83\uff0c\u4e59\u77e5\u60c5\u540e\u5c06\u64ac\u95e8\u5de5\u5177\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ed9\u7532\u3002\u7532\u643a\u5e26\u8be5\u64ac\u95e8\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u81ea\u5df1\u51c6\u5907\u7684\u4e07\u80fd\u94a5\u5319\u524d\u5f80\u4e19\u5bb6\uff0c\u7532\u5148\u4f7f\u7528\u4e07\u80fd\u94a5\u5319\u6253\u5f00\u4e86\u4e19\u5bb6\u7684\u95e8\uff0c\u7a83\u53d6\u4e86\u5de8\u989d\u8d22\u7269\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u6848\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e59\u63d0\u4f9b\u64ac\u95e8\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4e0e\u7532\u7684\u76d7\u7a83\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u6ca1\u6709\u7269\u7406\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u8be5\u884c\u4e3a\u5f3a\u5316\u3001\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u7532\u7684\u76d7\u7a83\u72af\u610f\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u4e0e\u7532\u7684\u76d7\u7a83\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u5177\u6709\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e0e\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u7269\u7406\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u4e0e\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u3002\u5728\u4f8b22\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e59\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u662f\u7269\u7406\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0e\u6b63\u72af\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u4ec5\u5177\u6709\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u3002\u518d\u5982\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u72af\u53ea\u662f\u5411\u76d7\u7a83\u6b63\u72af\u53e3\u8ff0\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u6253\u5f00\u4ed6\u4eba\u6c7d\u8f66\u95e8\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u53d1\u52a8\u6c7d\u8f66\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6b63\u72af\u6309\u7167\u5e2e\u52a9\u72af\u6240\u8ff0\u65b9\u6cd5\u76d7\u8d70\u6c7d\u8f66\u7684\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u72af\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u6b63\u72af\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u5177\u6709\u7269\u7406\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u3002\u53c8\u5982\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u72af\u5411\u6b63\u72af\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u76d7\u7a83\u6c7d\u8f66\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u94a5\u5319\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5e2e\u52a9\u72af\u4e0d\u63d0\u4f9b\u8be5\u94a5\u5319\uff0c\u6b63\u72af\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u51b3\u610f\u5b9e\u884c\u72af\u7f6a\u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u5e2e\u52a9\u72af\u7684\u7269\u7406\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4e0e\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e5f\u5177\u6709\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u884c\u4e3a\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6027\uff1f\u4e00\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6b63\u72af\u5df2\u7ecf\u5177\u6709\u76d7\u7a83\u7684\u6545\u610f\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u5b9e\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u4f7f\u7528\u5e2e\u52a9\u72af\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u94a5\u5319\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u94a5\u5319\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u6b63\u72af\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u5177\u6709\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u3002[84]\u636e\u6b64\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u7269\u7406\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u884c\u4e3a\u90fd\u4e0e\u6b63\u72af\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u5177\u6709\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u4f1a\u4f7f\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u4e27\u5931\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u672c\u6587\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5c31\u8fd9\u7c7b\u6848\u4ef6\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u533a\u5206\u4e09\u79cd\u60c5\u5f62\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u4e59\u77e5\u9053\u7532\u5c06\u5165\u6237\u76d7\u7a83\uff0c\u800c\u5c06\u5165\u6237\u94a5\u5319\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ed9\u7532\u3002\u4f46\u7532\u5230\u4e86\u73b0\u573a\u540e\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u643a\u5e26\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5165\u6237\u76d7\u7a83\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eba\u8d22\u7269\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ecd\u80fd\u80af\u5b9a\u4e59\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u7532\u7684\u76d7\u7a83\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u5177\u6709\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u7532\u5728\u76d7\u7a83\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u94a5\u5319\u6253\u4e0d\u5f00\u95e8\uff0c\u4e5f\u8fd8\u6709\u4e59\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u94a5\u5319\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4e59\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u884c\u4e3a\u5f3a\u5316\u4e86\u7532\u7684\u72af\u610f\u3002\uff082\uff09\u7532\u5230\u4e86\u73b0\u573a\u540e\u9996\u5148\u4f7f\u7528\u4e59\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u94a5\u5319\uff0c\u4f46\u53d1\u73b0\u4e59\u7684\u94a5\u5319\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u94a5\u5319\u5165\u6237\u76d7\u7a83\u4e86\u8d22\u7269\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e59\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u884c\u4e3a\u53ea\u662f\u4e0e\u6b63\u72af\u7740\u624b\u5b9e\u884c\u76d7\u7a83\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e4b\u95f4\u5177\u6709\u7269\u7406\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u4e0e\u6b63\u72af\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u65e2\u6ca1\u6709\u7269\u7406\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u3002\u65e2\u7136\u7532\u660e\u77e5\u4e59\u7684\u94a5\u5319\u4e0d\u8d77\u4efb\u4f55\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e59\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u884c\u4e3a\u4ecd\u7136\u5728\u5f3a\u5316\u7532\u7684\u72af\u610f\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4e59\u4ec5\u6210\u7acb\u672a\u9042\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u72af\u3002\uff083\uff09\u5982\u82e5\u7532\u5230\u73b0\u573a\u540e\u9996\u5148\u4f7f\u7528\u4e59\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u94a5\u5319\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6253\u5f00\u95e8\u7a83\u53d6\u4e86\u8d22\u7269\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e59\u63d0\u4f9b\u94a5\u5319\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u7532\u7684\u76d7\u7a83\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u65e2\u5177\u6709\u7269\u7406\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u5177\u6709\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e94\uff0c\u5171\u72af\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u6b63\u72af\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u5426\u5177\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u6027\uff08\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6027\uff09\uff0c\u4e0e\u5e2e\u52a9\u8005\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u6545\u610f\uff0c\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4e0d\u8981\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u4ee5\u6709\u5171\u540c\u6545\u610f\u4e3a\u524d\u63d0\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5373\u4f7f\u6ca1\u6709\u72af\u7f6a\u6545\u610f\u7684\u8a00\u884c\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5f3a\u5316\u6b63\u72af\u7684\u51b3\u610f\u3002\u8fd9\u518d\u4e00\u6b21\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u6cd5\u5c42\u9762\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u8ba4\u5b9a\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\uff0c\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u516d\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u5171\u72af\u7684\u8131\u79bb\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4e5f\u662f\u5171\u72af\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4ea6\u5373\uff0c\u5171\u72af\u653e\u5f03\u6216\u8005\u88ab\u8feb\u505c\u6b62\u5171\u72af\u884c\u4e3a\u540e\uff0c\u7531\u4ed6\u4eba\u5bfc\u81f4\u7ed3\u679c\u53d1\u751f\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5426\u8ba4\u5171\u72af\u5148\u524d\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u6b63\u72af\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u5177\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u6027\uff08\u5373\u80af\u5b9a\u5171\u72af\u7684\u8131\u79bb\uff09\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u53ea\u8ba9\u5171\u72af\u627f\u62c5\u4e2d\u6b62\u72af\u6216\u8005\u672a\u9042\u72af\u7684\u5211\u4e8b\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\uff0c\u884c\u4e3a\u4eba\u867d\u7136\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e86\u5171\u72af\uff08\u6559\u5506\u6216\u8005\u5e2e\u52a9\uff09\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u540e\u6765\u53c8\u6d88\u9664\u4e86\u8be5\u884c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5148\u524d\u7684\u5171\u72af\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5171\u72af\u7684\u8131\u79bb\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u5171\u72af\u7684\u8131\u79bb\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u6307\u540c\u65f6\u6d88\u9664\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u5171\u72af\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7269\u7406\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u4e0e\u5fc3\u7406\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b23\uff1a\u7532\u5165\u6237\u76d7\u7a83\uff0c\u9080\u7ea6\u4e59\u4e3a\u5176\u76d7\u7a83\u671b\u98ce\uff0c\u4e59\u540c\u610f\u5e76\u4e3a\u7532\u671b\u98ce\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u7532\u5165\u6237\u540e\uff0c\u4e59\u6084\u6084\u6e9c\u8d70\u4e86\uff0c\u7532\u5bf9\u6b64\u5e76\u4e0d\u77e5\u60c5\u3002\u5bf9\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u80fd\u591f\u80af\u5b9a\u4e59\u79bb\u5f00\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u7532\u7684\u76d7\u7a83\u65e2\u9042\u4e4b\u95f4\u6ca1\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5c31\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5171\u72af\u7684\u8131\u79bb\uff0c\u4e59\u4ec5\u627f\u62c5\u4e2d\u6b62\u6216\u8005\u672a\u9042\u72af\u7684\u5211\u4e8b\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u4e59\u4f9d\u7136\u5bf9\u6b63\u72af\u7ed3\u679c\u627f\u62c5\u5211\u4e8b\u8d23\u4efb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u5171\u72af\u8131\u79bb\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u3002\u5c31\u4f8b23\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u7532\u4e00\u76f4\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4e59\u5728\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u671b\u98ce\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4e59\u79bb\u5f00\u4e86\u671b\u98ce\u73b0\u573a\uff0c\u5176\u884c\u4e3a\u4f9d\u7136\u4f7f\u5f97\u7532\u5b89\u5fc3\u76d7\u7a83\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u4e0e\u7532\u7684\u76d7\u7a83\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u5177\u6709\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u3002\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u5018\u82e5\u5728\u7532\u76d7\u7a83\u65e2\u9042\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4e59\u660e\u786e\u544a\u8bc9\u7532\u81ea\u5df1\u8981\u79bb\u5f00\u73b0\u573a\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u4e3a\u7532\u671b\u98ce\uff0c\u800c\u7532\u4f9d\u7136\u72ec\u81ea\u76d7\u7a83\u7684\uff0c\u4e59\u4fbf\u5207\u65ad\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u5148\u524d\u7684\u671b\u98ce\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u7532\u540e\u6765\u76d7\u7a83\u65e2\u9042\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u6210\u7acb\u5171\u72af\u7684\u8131\u79bb\u3002\u5728\u524d\u8ff0\u4f8b9\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e59\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5982\u7ea6\u5230\u8fbe\u73b0\u573a\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0d\u53c2\u4e0e\u6740\u5bb3\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u901a\u77e5\u5230\u4e86\u7532\u3002\u4e59\u662f\u5426\u5bf9\u7532\u9020\u6210\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7ed3\u679c\u8d1f\u8d23\uff0c\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u7532\u4e0e\u4e59\u7684\u5171\u8c0b\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e59\u4e0e\u7532\u5171\u8c0b\u4e86\u6740\u5bb3\u4e19\u7684\u5730\u70b9\u3001\u65b9\u6cd5\u7b49\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u7532\u6309\u7167\u5171\u8c0b\u5185\u5bb9\u6740\u5bb3\u4e86\u4e19\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5171\u8c0b\u5185\u5bb9\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u4e59\u4fc3\u4f7f\u7532\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u6740\u5bb3\u4e19\u7684\u51b3\u610f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u8fd9\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u80af\u5b9a\u4e59\u7684\u5171\u8c0b\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u7532\u7684\u6740\u5bb3\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u5177\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5018\u82e5\u7532\u63d0\u51fa\u6740\u5bb3\u4e19\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u9080\u7ea6\u4e59\u6b21\u65e5\u4e00\u540c\u524d\u5f80\u4e19\u5bb6\u5171\u540c\u6740\u5bb3\u4e19\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8ba9\u4e59\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6740\u5bb3\u884c\u4e3a\u671b\u98ce\uff0c\u4e59\u6b21\u65e5\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u5230\u8fbe\u73b0\u573a\u7684\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u80fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e59\u7684\u5171\u8c0b\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u7532\u7684\u6740\u5bb3\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u5177\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u4e59\u8131\u79bb\u4e86\u5171\u72af\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5145\u5176\u91cf\u4ec5\u6210\u7acb\u6545\u610f\u6740\u4eba\u7684\u9884\u5907\u72af\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u540c\u7406\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u6b63\u72af\u7684\u8131\u79bb\u4e5f\u662f\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b24\uff1a\u592b\u59bb\u4e8c\u4eba\u60f3\u6740\u6b7b\u5176\u5973\u513f\u7684\u975e\u5a5a\u751f\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u5728\u4e8c\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e3a\u5df2\u7ecf\u6740\u6b7b\u5b69\u5b50\u540e\uff0c\u4e08\u592b\u5148\u884c\u79bb\u5f00\u3002\u59bb\u5b50\u540e\u6765\u53d1\u73b0\u5b69\u5b50\u8fd8\u6d3b\u7740\uff0c\u5c31\u72ec\u81ea\u6740\u6b7b\u4e86\u5b69\u5b50\u3002[85]\u4e08\u592b\u4e0e\u59bb\u5b50\u5148\u524d\u5171\u540c\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u6740\u5bb3\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e0e\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5904\u4e8e\u5371\u9669\u72b6\u6001\u4e4b\u95f4\u5177\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e8c\u4eba\u6210\u7acb\u6545\u610f\u6740\u4eba\u672a\u9042\u7684\u5171\u540c\u6b63\u72af\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u4e08\u592b\u79bb\u5f00\u540e\uff0c\u59bb\u5b50\u72ec\u81ea\u5c06\u5b69\u5b50\u6740\u5bb3\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f52\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e08\u592b\u5148\u524d\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u59bb\u5b50\u5fc5\u987b\u72ec\u81ea\u627f\u62c5\u6740\u4eba\u65e2\u9042\u7684\u5211\u4e8b\u8d23\u4efb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u90e8\u5206\u6b63\u72af\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u8981\u5176\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u6b63\u72af\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u5177\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u6027\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u5bf9\u8be5\u7ed3\u679c\u8d1f\u8d23\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b25\uff1a\u7532\u4e0e\u4e59\u4ee5\u8f6e\u5978\u7684\u72af\u610f\u5bf9\u4e19\u5973\u5b9e\u65bd\u66b4\u529b\u3002\u7532\u5978\u6deb\u540e\uff0c\u4e59\u51fa\u4e8e\u540c\u60c5\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u5978\u6deb\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u6709\u5b66\u8005\u4ee5\u5f3a\u5978\u7f6a\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4eb2\u624b\u72af\u3001\u5978\u6deb\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u53ef\u66ff\u4ee3\u6027\u4e3a\u7531\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e59\u6210\u7acb\u5f3a\u5978\u7f6a\u7684\u4e2d\u6b62\u72af\u3002[86]\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u5f3a\u5978\u7f6a\u4e0d\u662f\u4eb2\u624b\u72af\u3002[87]\u66f4\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e59\u867d\u7136\u4e2d\u6b62\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5978\u6deb\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4e2d\u6b62\u524d\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u4e19\u5973\u88ab\u7532\u5f3a\u5978\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u5177\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u3002\u65e2\u7136\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u5c06\u4e19\u5973\u88ab\u7532\u5978\u6deb\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5f52\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e59\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff1b\u53c8\u7531\u4e8e\u4e59\u6709\u5f3a\u5978\u7f6a\u7684\u6545\u610f\uff0c\u6545\u5176\u540c\u6837\u6210\u7acb\u5f3a\u5978\u7f6a\u7684\u65e2\u9042\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e94\u3001\u7b80\u77ed\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u7efc\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u8ba4\u5b9a\u5e94\u5f53\u4ee5\u4e0d\u6cd5\u4e3a\u91cd\u5fc3\uff08\u4ece\u4e0d\u6cd5\u5230\u8d23\u4efb\uff09\u3001\u4ee5\u6b63\u72af\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff08\u4ece\u6b63\u72af\u5230\u5171\u72af\uff09\u3001\u4ee5\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\uff08\u4ece\u7269\u7406\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u5230\u5fc3\u7406\u56e0\u679c\u6027\uff09\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5c06\u4e0d\u6cd5\u4e0e\u8d23\u4efb\u6df7\u4e3a\u4e00\u4f53\u6765\u8ba4\u5b9a\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0d\u533a\u5206\u6b63\u72af\u4e0e\u72ed\u4e49\u7684\u5171\u72af\u800c\u6574\u4f53\u5730\u8ba8\u8bba\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u6210\u7acb\u4e0e\u5426\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u80fd\u5ffd\u89c6\u5bf9\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u662f\u4e0d\u6cd5\u4e0e\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u201c\u72af\u4ec0\u4e48\u7f6a\u201d\u4e0d\u53ea\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4e0d\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd8\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u800c\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u662f\u4e0d\u6cd5\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6545\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u63d0\u51fa\u548c\u56de\u7b54\u201c\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u72af\u7684\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u7f6a\u201d\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5982\u4f8b4\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u67e5\u660e\u7532\u3001\u4e59\u5171\u540c\u5bf9\u4e19\u5b9e\u65bd\u66b4\u529b\u81f4\u4e19\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u5c31\u5e94\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e8c\u4eba\u6210\u7acb\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7ed3\u679c\u5ba2\u89c2\u5f52\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e8c\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e8c\u4eba\u5728\u4e0d\u6cd5\u5c42\u9762\u5bf9\u4e19\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u8d1f\u8d23\uff08\u5ba2\u89c2\u5f52\u8d23\uff09\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u7532\u4e0e\u4e59\u7684\u4e3b\u89c2\u8d23\u4efb\uff08\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u6545\u610f\u5185\u5bb9\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u6784\u6210\u4f55\u7f6a\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u5206\u522b\u8ba4\u5b9a\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u7532\u6301\u6740\u4eba\u6545\u610f\uff0c\u6545\u6210\u7acb\u6545\u610f\u6740\u4eba\u7f6a\u65e2\u9042\uff1b\u7531\u4e8e\u4e59\u4ec5\u6709\u4f24\u5bb3\u6545\u610f\u5e76\u5bf9\u6b7b\u4ea1\u6709\u8fc7\u5931\uff0c\u6545\u6210\u7acb\u6545\u610f\u4f24\u5bb3\uff08\u81f4\u6b7b\uff09\u7f6a\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5728\u4e8c\u4eba\u6210\u7acb\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u65f6\uff0c\u4e8c\u4eba\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u7f6a\u540d\u53ef\u80fd\u5e76\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u65e2\u7136\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5c31\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u8ffd\u95ee\u4e8c\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5171\u540c\u6784\u6210\u4ec0\u4e48\u7f6a\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6839\u636e\u672c\u6587\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5211\u6cd5\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u53f8\u6cd5\u5b9e\u8df5\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u4ee5\u6de1\u5316\u201c\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u4ee5\u4e0d\u6cd5\u4e3a\u91cd\u5fc3\u3001\u4ee5\u6b63\u72af\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3001\u4ee5\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u5224\u65ad\u6570\u4eba\u53c2\u4e0e\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u6848\u4ef6\uff0c\u5c31\u9996\u5148\u8981\u5728\u4e0d\u6cd5\u5c42\u9762\u8ba4\u5b9a\u6b63\u72af\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5171\u540c\u6b63\u72af\uff09\uff0c\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u6b63\u72af\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u5c06\u7ed3\u679c\u6216\u8005\u5371\u9669\u5ba2\u89c2\u5730\u5f52\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6b63\u72af\u884c\u4e3a\uff1b\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u5224\u65ad\u54ea\u4e9b\u53c2\u4e0e\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u6b63\u72af\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u5177\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u6027\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5177\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u6027\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u80af\u5b9a\u5176\u4e3a\u4e0d\u6cd5\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u5171\u72af\uff08\u5728\u53c2\u4e0e\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4ec5\u4e0e\u6b63\u72af\u884c\u4e3a\u4e4b\u95f4\u5177\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u65f6\uff0c\u5219\u5728\u672a\u9042\u72af\u7684\u4e0d\u6cd5\u5c42\u9762\u6210\u7acb\u5171\u72af\uff09\uff1b\u518d\u6b21\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u5224\u65ad\u5404\u53c2\u4e0e\u4eba\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\uff08\u5982\u8d23\u4efb\u5e74\u9f84\u3001\u6545\u610f\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u786e\u5b9a\u53c2\u4e0e\u4eba\u89e6\u72af\u7684\u7f6a\u540d\uff1b\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u6211\u56fd\u5211\u6cd5\u5173\u4e8e\u4e3b\u72af\u3001\u4ece\u72af\u3001\u80c1\u4ece\u72af\u3001\u6559\u5506\u72af\u7684\u5904\u7f5a\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u7ed9\u5404\u53c2\u4e0e\u4eba\u91cf\u5211\u3002\u4e0d\u96be\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u63d0\u51fa\u548c\u56de\u7b54\u201c\u8c01\u548c\u8c01\u6210\u7acb\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u201d\u3001\u201c\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u72af\u7684\u4ec0\u4e48\u7f6a\u201d\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e5f\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u6570\u4eba\u5171\u540c\u53c2\u4e0e\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u8bda\u7136\uff0c\u6211\u56fd\u5211\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u201c\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u56fd\u5211\u6cd5\u6709\u5173\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u7684\u786e\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u79cd\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f20\u660e\u6977\uff0c\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u6cd5\u5b66\u9662\u6559\u6388\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3010\u6ce8\u91ca\u3011<\/p>\n<p>[1]\u9ad8\u94ed\u6684\u3001\u9a6c\u514b\u660c\u4e3b\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u5211\u6cd5\u5b66\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u3001\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u51fa\u7248\u793e2011\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c163\u9875\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[2]\u5982\u6240\u5468\u77e5\uff0c\u201c\u5171\u72af\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u6307\u5e7f\u4e49\u7684\u5171\u72af\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u6307\u72ed\u4e49\u7684\u5171\u72af\uff1b\u6709\u65f6\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e\u884c\u4e3a\u4eba\u3002\u201c\u5171\u72af\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u4e5f\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u8bfb\u8005\u5bb9\u6613\u8bc6\u522b\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5982\u540e\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u7b14\u8005\u4e3b\u5f20\u6de1\u5316\u201c\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u672c\u6587\u9488\u5bf9\u7684\u662f\u4f20\u7edf\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u6545\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[3]\u6839\u636e\u884c\u4e3a\u65e0\u4ef7\u503c\u8bba\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u662f\u4e3b\u89c2\u8fdd\u6cd5\u8981\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[4]\u8bda\u7136\uff0c\u901a\u8bf4\u4e5f\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u5371\u5bb3\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u5177\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u901a\u8bf4\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u662f\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u884c\u4e3a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6709\u673a\u6574\u4f53\u4e0e\u5371\u5bb3\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u5177\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u6027\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u524d\u5f15[1]\uff0c\u9ad8\u94ed\u6684\u7b49\u4e3b\u7f16\u4e66\uff0c\u7b2c164\u9875\uff09\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u901a\u8bf4\u662f\u5728\u8ba4\u5b9a\u7ed3\u5c40\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u8bf4\u660e\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u4e8c\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5177\u6709\u5171\u540c\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u5171\u540c\u6545\u610f\uff0c\u5168\u90e8\u53c2\u4e0e\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5c31\u4e0e\u5371\u5bb3\u7ed3\u679c\u5177\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[5]Vgl.C.Roxin\uff0cStrafrecht Allgenmeiner Teil\uff0cBand II\uff0cC.H.Beck 2003\uff0cS.22f\uff1b[\u65e5]\u897f\u7530\u5178\u4e4b\uff1a\u300a\u5211\u6cd5\u603b\u8bba\u300b\uff0c\u5f18\u6587\u58022010\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c328\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[6]\u738b\u4f5c\u5bcc\u4e3b\u7f16\uff1a\uff08\u5211\u6cd5\uff09\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e2009\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c138\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[7]\u524d\u5f15[1]\uff0c\u9ad8\u94ed\u6684\u7b49\u4e3b\u7f16\u4e66\uff0c\u7b2c165\u9875\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[8]\u53c2\u89c1\u6700\u9ad8\u4eba\u6c11\u6cd5\u9662\u3001\u6700\u9ad8\u4eba\u6c11\u68c0\u5bdf\u96621985\u5e74\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u5f53\u524d\u529e\u7406\u7ecf\u6d4e\u72af\u7f6a\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5177\u4f53\u5e94\u7528\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u82e5\u5e72\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u7b54\uff08\u8bd5\u884c\uff09\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[9][\u65e5]\u4f50\u4f2f\u4ec1\u5fd7\uff1a\u300a\u6559\u5506\u306e\u672a\u9042\u300b\uff0c\u8f7d[\u65e5]\u963f\u90e8\u7eaf\u4e8c\u7b49\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u5211\u6cd5\u57fa\u672c\u8bb2\u5ea7\u300b\u7b2c4\u5377\uff0c\u6cd5\u5b66\u4e66\u96621992\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c209\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[10]\u53c2\u89c1[\u65e5]\u5e73\u91ce\u9f99\u4e00\uff1a\u300a\u5211\u6cd5\u603b\u8bba\u2161\u300b\uff0c\u6709\u6590\u96011975\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c347\u9875\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[11]\u4f55\u5e86\u4ec1\uff1a\u300a\u6211\u56fd\u5211\u6cd5\u4e2d\u6559\u5506\u72af\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u6db5\u4e49\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u6cd5\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u300b2004\u5e74\u7b2c5\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[12]\u53c2\u89c1[\u65e5]\u524d\u7530\u96c5\u82f1\uff1a\u300a\u5211\u6cd5\u603b\u8bba\u8bb2\u4e49\u300b\uff0c\u4e1c\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u4f1a2011\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c464\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[13]\u53c2\u89c1\u5468\u5149\u6743\uff1a\u300a\u201c\u88ab\u6559\u5506\u7684\u4eba\u6ca1\u6709\u72af\u88ab\u6559\u5506\u7684\u7f6a\u201d\u4e4b\u7406\u89e3\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u6cd5\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u300b2013\u5e74\u7b2c4\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[14]\u5982\u901a\u8bf4\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u201c\u6240\u8c13\u5171\u540c\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u6307\u5404\u884c\u4e3a\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u90fd\u6307\u5411\u540c\u4e00\u72af\u7f6a\uff0c\u4e92\u76f8\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e92\u76f8\u914d\u5408\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u6d3b\u52a8\u6574\u4f53\u201d\uff08\u524d\u5f15[1]\uff0c\u9ad8\u94ed\u6684\u7b49\u4e3b\u7f16\u4e66\uff0c\u7b2c163\u9875\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[15]\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u901a\u8bf4\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u53ea\u8981\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6574\u4e2a\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u4e2d\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u884c\u72af\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u76f4\u63a5\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u72af\u7f6a\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u72af\u7f6a\u4fbf\u544a\u5b8c\u6210\u548c\u65e2\u9042\uff0c\u5168\u4f53\u72af\u7f6a\u4eba\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u8d1f\u72af\u7f6a\u65e2\u9042\u4e4b\u8d23\u201d\uff08\u9ad8\u94ed\u6684\u4e3b\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u5211\u6cd5\u4e13\u8bba\u300b\u4e0a\u7f16\uff0c\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u51fa\u7248\u793e2002\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c330\u9875\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[16]\u524d\u5f15[15]\uff0c\u9ad8\u94ed\u6684\u4e3b\u7f16\u4e66\uff0c\u7b2c363\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[17]\u5728\u6211\u56fd\uff0c\u201c\u5171\u8c0b\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4f8b9\u7684\u6848\u60c5\u8fc7\u4e8e\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u6545\u4e59\u5e94\u5426\u5bf9\u4e19\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u8d1f\u8d23\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u5177\u4f53\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u5f97\u51fa\u552f\u4e00\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[18]\u672c\u6587\u5728\u4e09\u9636\u5c42\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e0b\u5c42\u5f00\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u4e0d\u6cd5\u201d\u662f\u6307\u884c\u4e3a\u7b26\u5408\u6784\u6210\u8981\u4ef6\u4e14\u5177\u6709\u8fdd\u6cd5\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[19]\u201c\u72af\u7f6a\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u6709\u65f6\u4ec5\u5728\u4e0d\u6cd5\u5c42\u9762\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u5728\u4e0d\u6cd5\u4e14\u6709\u8d23\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u800c\u8a00\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u5f20\u660e\u6977\uff1a\u300a\u72af\u7f6a\u6784\u6210\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e0e\u6784\u6210\u8981\u4ef6\u8981\u7d20\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e2010\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c70\u9875\u4ee5\u4e0b\uff09\u3002\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u5e94\uff0c\u201c\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u201d\u65e2\u53ef\u80fd\u4ec5\u6307\u4e0d\u6cd5\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u6307\u4e0d\u6cd5\u4e14\u6709\u8d23\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[20]\u53c2\u89c1[\u5fb7]\u4e4c\u5c14\u65af\u00b7\u91d1\u5fb7\u970d\u4f0a\u6cfd\u5c14\uff1a\u300a\u8bba\u72af\u7f6a\u6784\u9020\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u300b\uff0c\u5f90\u51cc\u6ce2\u3001\u8521\u6842\u751f\u8bd1\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u5916\u6cd5\u5b66\u300b2014\u5e74\u7b2c1\u671f\uff1b\u524d\u5f15\u247f\uff0c\u524d\u7530\u96c5\u82f1\u4e66\uff0c\u7b2c29\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[21]Vgl.C.Roxin\uff0cStrafrecht Allgenmeine\uff0cTeil\uff0cBandI\uff0c4.Aufl.\uff0cC.H.Beck 2006\uff0cS\uff0c226.<\/p>\n<p>[22]\u53c2\u89c1\u524d\u5f15[19]\uff0c\u5f20\u660e\u6977\u4e66\uff0c\u7b2c49\u9875\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[23]\u53c2\u89c1[\u65e5]\u5c71\u53e3\u539a\uff1a\u300a\u5211\u6cd5\u603b\u8bba\u300b\uff0c\u6709\u6590\u96012007\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c300\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[24][\u65e5]\u5185\u85e4\u8c26\uff1a\u300a\u5211\u6cd5\u8bb2\u4e49\u603b\u8bba\uff08\u4e0b\uff09\u2160\u300b\uff0c\u6709\u6590\u96011991\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c737\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[25]\u6b63\u56e0\u4e3a\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u5211\u6cd5\u7b2c29\u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\uff1a\u201c\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u4e0e\u4eba\u7684\u5904\u7f5a\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u5f97\u8003\u8651\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u6839\u636e\u53c2\u4e0e\u4eba\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u5904\u7f5a\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>[26]\u4f20\u7edf\u89c2\u70b9\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5bf9\u7532\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ee5\u8f6e\u5978\u8bba\u5904\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u738b\u4f5c\u5bcc\u4e3b\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u5211\u6cd5\u5206\u5219\u5b9e\u52a1\u7814\u7a76\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u65b9\u6b63\u51fa\u7248\u793e2010\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c855\u9875\uff09\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u5b58\u5728\u8bf8\u591a\u7f3a\u9677\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u94b1\u53f6\u516d\uff1a\u300a\u201c\u8f6e\u5978\u201d\u60c5\u8282\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e2d\u7684\u4e89\u8bae\u95ee\u9898\u7814\u8ba8\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u6c5f\u6dee\u8bba\u575b\u300b2010\u5e74\u7b2c5\u671f\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[27]\u53c2\u89c1[\u65e5]\u677e\u539f\u82b3\u535a\uff1a\u300a\u5211\u6cd5\u603b\u8bba\u300b\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u8bc4\u8bba\u793e2013\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c368\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[28]\u53c2\u89c1\u524d\u5f15[5]\uff0cRoxin\u4e66\uff0c\u7b2c133\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[29]\u9664\u4e86\u8d23\u4efb\u5171\u72af\u8bba\u4e0e\u56e0\u679c\u5171\u72af\u8bba\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u5b58\u5728\u8fdd\u6cd5\u5171\u72af\u8bba\u3002\u6b64\u8bf4\u4e5f\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5171\u72af\u7684\u6210\u7acb\u53ea\u8981\u6c42\u6b63\u72af\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5177\u5907\u6784\u6210\u8981\u4ef6\u7b26\u5408\u6027\u4e0e\u8fdd\u6cd5\u6027\u3002\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u8fdd\u6cd5\u5171\u72af\u8bba\u540c\u6837\u627f\u8ba4\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u662f\u4e0d\u6cd5\u5f62\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[30]\u524d\u5f15[5]\uff0c\u897f\u7530\u5178\u4e4b\u4e66\uff0c\u7b2c336\u9875\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[31]\u8fdd\u6cd5\u5171\u72af\u8bba\u5426\u8ba4\u8fdd\u6cd5\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u6027\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3aA\u4f7f\u6b63\u72afB\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e86\u6740\u4eba\u672a\u9042\u7684\u8fdd\u6cd5\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u6545\u6210\u7acb\u6545\u610f\u6740\u4eba\u7f6a\u7684\u6559\u5506\u72af\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ed3\u8bba\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[32]\u53c2\u89c1[\u65e5]\u66fe\u6839\u5a01\u5f66\uff1a\u300a\u5211\u6cd5\u5b66\u57fa\u7840\u300b\uff0c\u9ece\u5b8f\u8bd1\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u51fa\u7248\u793e2005\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c137\u9875\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[33]\u53c2\u89c1[\u65e5]\u5c71\u53e3\u539a\uff1a\u300a\u5211\u6cd5\u5404\u8bba\u300b\uff0c\u6709\u6590\u96012010\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c349\u9875\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[34]BGHSt 11\uff0c268.<\/p>\n<p>[35]Vgl.H.Jeschck\/T.Weigend\uff0cLehrbuch des Strafrechts\uff0cAllgemeiner Teil\uff0c5.Aufl.\uff0cDuncker&amp;Humblot 1996\uff0cS.675.<\/p>\n<p>[36]\u53c2\u89c1\u5f20\u660e\u6977\uff1a\u300a\u5211\u6cd5\u5b66\u300b\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u51fa\u7248\u793e2011\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c348\u9875\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5c06\u8be5\u6b3e\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u5bf9\u5171\u540c\u6b63\u72af\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[37]\u56e0\u7bc7\u5e45\u6240\u9650\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u4e0d\u80fd\u5bf9\u5171\u540c\u6b63\u72af\u7684\u8ba4\u5b9a\u5c55\u5f00\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u4f46\u672c\u6587\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u8ba4\u5b9a\u65b9\u6cd5\u540c\u6837\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5171\u540c\u6b63\u72af\u3002\u5171\u540c\u6b63\u72af\u7684\u7279\u522b\u4e4b\u5904\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u53c2\u4e0e\u4eba\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u6210\u7acb\u5171\u540c\u6b63\u72af\u8fd8\u662f\u72ed\u4e49\u7684\u5171\u72af\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6210\u7acb\u5e7f\u4e49\u5171\u72af\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u533a\u5206\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[38]\u524d\u5f15[1]\uff0c\u9ad8\u94ed\u55a7\u7b49\u4e3b\u7f16\u4e66\uff0c\u7b2c169\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[39]\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5f53\u4e0d\u6cd5\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u6b63\u72af\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8d23\u4efb\u8981\u7d20\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u8d23\u4efb\u5c42\u9762\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u6709\u5171\u72af\uff0c\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u6b63\u72af\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[40]\u524d\u5f15[5]\uff0cRoxin\u4e66\uff0c\u7b2c9\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[41]\u540c\u4e0a\u4e66\uff0c\u7b2c7\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[42]\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8be6\u5c3d\u7406\u7531\u53ca\u8bba\u8bc1\uff0c\u53c2\u89c1\u59da\u8bd7\uff1a\u300a\u5148\u524d\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u5b9e\u884c\u8fc7\u9650\u4e0b\u77e5\u60c5\u5171\u72af\u4eba\u7684\u5211\u4e8b\u8d23\u4efb\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u6cd5\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u300b2013\u5e74\u7b2c5\u671f\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u7bc7\u5e45\u6240\u9650\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u4e0d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7684\u5171\u72af\u5c55\u5f00\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[43]\u524d\u5f15[23]\uff0c\u5c71\u53e3\u539a\u4e66\uff0c\u7b2c309\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[44]\u53c2\u89c1\u9a6c\u514b\u660c\u4e3b\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u72af\u7f6a\u901a\u8bba\u300b\uff0c\u6b66\u6c49\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e1999\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c584\u9875\uff1b\u6797\u7ef4\uff1a\u300a\u771f\u6b63\u8eab\u4efd\u72af\u4e4b\u5171\u72af\u95ee\u9898\u5c55\u5f00\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u6cd5\u5b66\u5bb6\u300b2013\u5e74\u7b2c6\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[45]2000\u5e74\u901a\u8fc7\u7684\u300a\u6700\u9ad8\u4eba\u6c11\u6cd5\u9662\u5173\u4e8e\u5ba1\u7406\u8d2a\u6c61\u3001\u804c\u52a1\u4fb5\u5360\u6848\u4ef6\u5982\u4f55\u8ba4\u5b9a\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u51e0\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u300b\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u516c\u53f8\u3001\u4f01\u4e1a\u6216\u8005\u5176\u4ed6\u5355\u4f4d\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u56fd\u5bb6\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u4eba\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u52fe\u7ed3\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u5229\u7528\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u804c\u52a1\u4fbf\u5229\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u5c06\u672c\u5355\u4f4d\u8d22\u7269\u975e\u6cd5\u5360\u4e3a\u5df2\u6709\u7684\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u4e3b\u72af\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u6027\u8d28\u5b9a\u7f6a\u3002\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u89e3\u91ca\u660e\u663e\u4e0d\u5f53\u3002\u65e2\u7136\u4e00\u822c\u516c\u6c11\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u76f8\u52fe\u7ed3\u4f19\u540c\u8d2a\u6c61\u7684\uff0c\u80fd\u6210\u7acb\u8d2a\u6c61\u7f6a\u7684\u5171\u72af\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u3001\u4f01\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\u66f4\u80fd\u6784\u6210\u8d2a\u6c61\u7f6a\u7684\u5171\u72af\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[46]\u53c2\u89c1\u524d\u5f15[36]\uff0c\u5f20\u660e\u6977\u4e66\uff0c\u7b2c398\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[47]\u53e6\u53c2\u89c11998\u5e74\u901a\u8fc7\u300a\u6700\u9ad8\u4eba\u6c11\u6cd5\u9662\u5173\u4e8e\u5ba1\u7406\u632a\u7528\u516c\u6b3e\u6848\u4ef6\u5177\u4f53\u5e94\u7528\u6cd5\u5f8b\u82e5\u5e72\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u300b\u7b2c8\u6761\u3002\u867d\u7136\u672c\u6761\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u632a\u7528\u516c\u6b3e\u7f6a\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u00b7\uff0c\u4f46\u540c\u6837\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u632a\u7528\u8d44\u91d1\u7f6a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[48]\u5728A\u4e8e\u4e09\u4e2a\u6708\u5185\u5c06\u8d44\u91d1\u5f52\u8fd8\u7ed9B\u6240\u5728\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0cB\u632a\u7528\u8d44\u91d1\u7ed9A\u7528\u4e8e\u8d2d\u8f66\u7684\u201c\u6545\u610f\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5211\u6cd5\u4e0a\u7684\u632a\u7528\u8d44\u91d1\u7f6a\u7684\u6545\u610f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[49]\u524d\u5f15[1]\uff0c\u9ad8\u94ed\u6684\u7b49\u4e3b\u7f16\u4e66\uff0c\u7b2c176\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[50]\u53c2\u89c1\u524d\u5f15[5]\uff0cRoxin\u4e66\uff0c\u7b2c109\u9875\uff0c\u7b2c138\u9875\uff1b[\u5fb7]\u5188\u7279\u00b7\u65bd\u7279\u62c9\u817e\u97e6\u7279\u3001\u6d1b\u5854\u5c14\u00b7\u5e93\u4f26\uff1a\u300a\u5211\u6cd5\u603b\u8bba\u2160\u2014\u2014\u72af\u7f6a\u8bba\u300b\uff0c\u6768\u840c\u8bd1\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u51fa\u7248\u793e2006\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c292\u9875\uff0c\u7b2c309\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[51]\u524d\u5f15[35]\uff0cJescheck\u7b49\u4e66\uff0c\u7b2c664\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[52]BGHSt 9.370\uff0c\u53c2\u89c1[\u65e5]\u677e\u5bab\u5b5d\u660e\uff1a\u300a\u5211\u4e8b\u7acb\u6cd5\u4e0a\u72af\u7f6a\u4f53\u7cfb\u300b\uff0c\u6210\u6587\u58022003\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c259\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[53]\u53c2\u89c1[\u65e5]\u56e2\u85e4\u91cd\u5149\uff1a\u300a\u5211\u6cd5\u7eb2\u8981\u603b\u8bba\u300b\uff0c\u521b\u6587\u793e1990\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c155\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[54]\u53c2\u89c1\u524d\u5f15[53]\uff0c\u56e2\u85e4\u91cd\u5149\u4e66\uff0c\u7b2c159\u9875\uff1b[\u65e5]\u5927\u585a\u4ec1\uff1a\u300a\u5211\u6cd5\u6982\u8bf4\uff08\u603b\u8bba\uff09\u300b\uff0c\u6709\u6590\u96012008\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c162\u9875\uff1b\u524d\u5f15[23]\uff0c\u5c71\u53e3\u539a\u4e66\uff0c\u7b2c72\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[55]\u53c2\u89c1\u5f20\u660e\u6977\uff1a\u300a\u5171\u72af\u5bf9\u6b63\u72af\u6545\u610f\u7684\u4ece\u5c5e\u6027\u4e4b\u5426\u5b9a\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u653f\u6cd5\u8bba\u575b\u300b2010\u5e74\u7b2c5\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[56]\u53c2\u89c1\u94b1\u53f6\u516d\uff1a\u300a\u53cc\u5c42\u533a\u5206\u5236\u4e0b\u6b63\u72af\u4e0e\u5171\u72af\u7684\u533a\u5206\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u6cd5\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u300b2012\u5e74\u7b2c1\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[57]\u53c2\u89c1\u6768\u5174\u57f9\uff1a\u300a\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u6b63\u72af\u3001\u5e2e\u52a9\u72af\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u53cd\u601d\u4e0e\u6279\u8bc4\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u6cd5\u6cbb\u7814\u7a76\u300b2012\u5e74\u7b2c8\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[58]\u5218\u660e\u7965\uff1a\u300a\u201c\u88ab\u6559\u5506\u7684\u4eba\u6ca1\u6709\u72af\u88ab\u6559\u5506\u7684\u7f6a\u201d\u4e4b\u89e3\u91ca\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u6cd5\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u300b2011\u5e74\u7b2c1\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[59][\u65e5]\u4f50\u4f2f\u4ec1\u5fd7\uff1a\u300a\u5211\u6cd5\u603b\u8bba\u306e\u8003\u3047\u65b9\u3001\u4e50\u3057\u307f\u65b9\u300b\uff0c\u6709\u6590\u96012013\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c370\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[60]\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5728\u7279\u6b8a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u6392\u9664\u6559\u5506\u884c\u4e3a\u4ec5\u4e0e\u6b63\u72af\u884c\u4e3a\u4e4b\u95f4\u5177\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[61]\u53c2\u89c1[\u65e5]\u91ce\u6751\u7a14\uff1a\u300a\u5211\u6cd5\u603b\u8bba\u300b\uff0c\u6210\u6587\u58021998\u5e74\u8865\u8ba2\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c421\u9875\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[62]\u53c2\u89c1[\u65e5]\u5c71\u53e3\u539a\uff1a\u300a\u95ee\u9898\u63a2\u7a76\u5211\u6cd5\u603b\u8bba\u300b\uff0c\u6709\u6590\u96011998\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c252\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[63]Vgl.F.Schaffstein\uff0cDie Risikoerhohung als onjektives Zurechnungsprinzip im Strafrecht\uff0cinsbesondere bei der Beihilfe\uff0cin:Festschrift fur Richard M.Honig\uff0cOtto Schwartz&amp;Co.\uff0cGottingen 1970\uff0cS.175ff.<\/p>\n<p>[64]Vgl.R.D.Herzberg\uff0cAnstiftung und Beihilfe als Straftatbestande\uff0cCA 1971\uff0cS.7.<\/p>\n<p>[65]\u524d\u5f15\uff0835\uff09\uff0cJescheck\u7b49\u4e66\uff0c\u7b2c694\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[66][\u65e5]\u897f\u7530\u5178\u4e4b\uff1a\u300a\u5171\u72af\u7406\u8bba\u306e\u5c55\u5f00\u300b\uff0c\u6210\u6587\u58022010\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c193\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[67]\u5982\u65e5\u672c\u5211\u6cd5\u7b2c62\u6761\u7b2c1\u6b3e\u89c4\u5b9a\uff1a\u201c\u5e2e\u52a9\u6b63\u72af\u8005\uff0c\u662f\u4ece\u72af\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>[68][\u65e5]\u5ddd\u7aef\u535a\uff1a\u300a\u5211\u6cd5\u603b\u8bba\u8bb2\u4e49\u300b\uff0c\u6210\u6587\u58022006\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c575\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[69]\u53c2\u89c1[\u65e5]\u690d\u677e\u6b63\u7b49\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u73b0\u4ee3\u5211\u6cd5\u8bba\u4e89I\u300b\uff0c\u52b2\u8349\u4e66\u623f1997\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c341\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[70]\u53c2\u89c1\u524d\u5f15\u2478\uff0cRoxin\u4e66\uff0c\u7b2c192\u9875\u4ee5\u4e0b\uff1b[\u65e5]\u66fe\u6839\u5a01\u5f66\uff1a\u300a\u5211\u6cd5\u603b\u8bba\u300b\uff0c\u5f18\u6587\u58022008\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c263\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[71]\u53c2\u89c1\u6768\u91d1\u5f6a\uff1a\u300a\u5171\u72af\u7684\u5904\u7f5a\u6839\u636e\u300b\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u516c\u5b89\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e2008\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c44\u9875\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[72]\u53c2\u89c1[\u65e5]\u5c0f\u5c9b\u9633\u4ecb\uff1a\u300a\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u306b\u3049\u3051\u3090\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u306b\u3064\u3043\u3066\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u6cd5\u5b66\u8bba\u4e1b\uff08\u4eac\u90fd\u5927\u5b66\uff09\u300b\u7b2c161\u5377\uff082007\u5e74\uff09\u7b2c4\u53f7\uff0c\u7b2c83\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[73]\u53c2\u89c1\u524d\u5f15[27]\uff0c\u677e\u539f\u82b3\u535a\u4e66\uff0c\u7b2c379\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[74]C.Roxin\uff0cWas ist Beihiffe?\uff0cin Festschrift fur Koichi Miyazawa\uff0cNomos\uff0c1995\uff0cS.502f.<\/p>\n<p>[75][\u65e5]\u5927\u585a\u4ec1\u7b49\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u5927\u30b3\u30bd\u30e1\u30bd\u30bf\u3000\u2030\u300b\u7b2c\u4e94\u5377\uff0c\u9752\u6797\u4e66\u96621999\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c576\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[76]\u53c2\u89c1\u524d\u5f15[72]\uff0c\u5c0f\u5c9b\u9633\u4ecb\u6587\uff0c\u7b2c80\u9875\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[77][\u65e5]\u5c9b\u7530\u806a\u4e00\u90ce\uff1a\u300a\u4ed6\u4eba\u306e\u884c\u4e3a\u306e\u4ecb\u5165\u3068\u6b63\u72af\u6210\u7acb\u306e\u9650\u754c\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u6cd5\u5b66\u534f\u4f1a\u6742\u5fd7\u300b\u7b2c117\u5377\uff082000\u5e74\uff09\u7b2c3\u53f7\uff0c\u7b2c108\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[78]\u53c2\u89c1[\u5fb7]\u7ea6\u7ff0\u5185\u65af\u00b7\u97e6\u585e\u5c14\u65af\uff1a\u300a\u5fb7\u56fd\u5211\u6cd5\u603b\u8bba\u300b\uff0c\u674e\u660c\u73c2\u8bd1\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u51fa\u7248\u793e2008\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c330\u9875\u4ee5\u4e0b\uff1b\u524d\u5f15[66]\uff0c\u897f\u7530\u5178\u4e4b\u4e66\uff0c\u7b2c189\u9875\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[79]\u4ea6\u5373\uff0c\u5728\u6570\u4e2a\u884c\u4e3a\u5f15\u8d77\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9664\u53bb\u4e00\u4e2a\u884c\u4e3a\u7ed3\u679c\u5c06\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u9664\u53bb\u5168\u90e8\u884c\u4e3a\u7ed3\u679c\u5c06\u4e0d\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u5219\u5168\u90e8\u884c\u4e3a\u90fd\u662f\u7ed3\u679c\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002Vgl. Welzel\uff0cDas Deutsche Strafrecht\uff0c11.Aufl.\uff0cWalter de Gruyter&amp;Co.1969\uff0cS.41.<\/p>\n<p>[80]\u53c2\u89c1[\u65e5]\u5185\u7530\u6587\u662d\uff1a\u300a\u5e2e\u52a9\u306e\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u5224\u4f8b\u30bf\u30a3\u30e0\u30ba\u300b\u7b2c717\u53f7\uff081990\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c38\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[81]\u53c2\u89c1\u5f20\u660e\u6977\uff1a\u300a\u4e5f\u8c08\u5ba2\u89c2\u5f52\u8d23\u7406\u8bba\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u5916\u6cd5\u5b66\u300b2013\u5e74\u7b2c2\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[82]\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5728\u5b58\u5728\u7269\u7406\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u518d\u8fdb\u884c\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5224\u65ad\u53ea\u662f\u5bf9\u91cf\u5211\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u5bf9\u5b9a\u7f6a\u4e0d\u8d77\u5b9e\u8d28\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[83]\u53c2\u89c1\u524d\u5f15[66]\uff0c\u897f\u7530\u5178\u4e4b\u4e66\uff0c\u7b2c199\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[84]\u53c2\u89c1\u524d\u5f15[59]\uff0c\u4f50\u4f2f\u4ec1\u5fd7\u4e66\uff0c\u7b2c372\u9875\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[85]\u53c2\u89c1\u524d\u5f15[5]\uff0cRoxin\u4e66\uff0c\u7b2c79\u9875\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[86]\u53c2\u89c1\u9648\u5174\u826f\uff1a\u300a\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u8bba\u300b\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e2006\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c372\u9875\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[87]\u4eb2\u624b\u72af\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6807\u5fd7\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u6210\u7acb\u95f4\u63a5\u6b63\u72af\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5987\u5973\u5229\u7528\u65e0\u8d23\u4efb\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u7537\u6027\u5f3a\u5978\u5176\u4ed6\u5987\u5973\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u65e0\u7591\u6210\u7acb\u5f3a\u5978\u7f6a\u7684\u95f4\u63a5\u6b63\u72af\u3002\u53e6\u53c2\u89c1\u524d\u5f15[33]\uff0c\u5c71\u53e3\u539a\u4e66\uff0c\u7b2c109\u9875\u3002\t\t<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u3010\u6458\u8981\u3011\u6211\u56fd\u8ba4\u5b9a\u5171\u540c\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u4e0d\u533a\u5206\u4e0d\u6cd5\u4e0e\u8d23\u4efb\u3001\u4e0d\u533a\u5206\u6b63\u72af\u4e0e\u72ed\u4e49\u7684\u5171\u72af\u3001\u4e0d\u5206\u522b\u8003\u5bdf\u53c2\u4e0e\u4eba\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u6b63\u72af\u7ed3 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.iobject.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5630"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.iobject.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.iobject.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.iobject.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.iobject.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5630"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.iobject.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5630\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.iobject.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5630"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.iobject.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5630"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.iobject.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5630"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}