<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u3000\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u8457\u540d\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u53ef\u80fd\u7528\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5f15\u5bfc\u6211\u4eec\u524d\u8fdb\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u4e5f\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u9762\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u5c3c\u683c\u5c14\u00b7\u7f57\u6770\u65af\uff08Nigel Rodgers\uff09\u548c\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u9ea6\u5c14\u00b7\u6c64\u666e\u68ee\uff08Mel Thompson\uff09\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u975e\u5e38\u7cbe\u5f69\u7684\u5c0f\u4e66\u4e2d\u5199\u5230\u201c\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u667a\u6167\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u5e26\u6765\u667a\u6167\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u201d\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e8e\u516b\u4f4d\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u6b21\u53c8\u4e00\u6b21\u5730\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u4e9b\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5177\u6709\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e2a\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u5219\u4e00\u584c\u7cca\u6d82\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u3000\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5206\u81ea\u604b\u3001\u8d2a\u5a6a\u3001\u50b2\u6162\u3001\u96be\u4ee5\u7f6e\u4fe1\u5730\u7f3a\u4e4f\u826f\u5fc3\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u8ba9\u00b7\u96c5\u5404\u00b7\u5362\u68ad\uff08Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778)\uff09\u6210\u529f\u5730\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u6c11\u4e3b\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u4e2d\u4eba\u6027\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7b49\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6781\u5927\u5730\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u81f3\u5c11\u4e09\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u9769\u547d\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u5f53\u4eca\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u662f\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5362\u68ad\u5bf9\u5f85\u4eba\u4eec\u662f\u5f88\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5973\u6027\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u90a3\u4e9b\u591a\u5e74\u6765\u5bf9\u4ed6\u975e\u5e38\u53cb\u597d\u7684\u597d\u51e0\u4e2a\u4eba\u3002\u4ed6\u5bf9\u5f85\u6700\u4eb2\u8fd1\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u4ed6\u4eec\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u7406\u7531\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4ed6\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u6ee1\u8db3\u4ed6\u7684\u81a8\u80c0\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u79c1\u5fc3\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5362\u68ad\u73b0\u5728\u8fd8\u6d3b\u7740\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5371\u9669\u5730\u63a5\u8fd1\u88ab\u8bca\u65ad\u4e3a\u53cd\u793e\u4f1a\u7cbe\u795e\u53d8\u6001\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u3000\u5362\u68ad\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u662f\u5bf9\u7acb\u548c\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u707e\u96be\u6027\u6df7\u5408\u4f53\u3002\u4ed6\u79f0\u8d5e\u592b\u59bb\u95f4\u7684\u6069\u7231\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4ece\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u6b63\u5f0f\u7ed3\u5a5a\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u5bf9\u966a\u4f34\u4ed6\u4e00\u751f\u7684\u585e\u65af\uff08Therese\uff09\u51b7\u9177\u65e0\u60c5\uff0c\u6781\u5ea6\u8511\u89c6\u3002\u4ed6\u559c\u6b22\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u968f\u610f\u5730\u629b\u5f03\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u3002\u4ed6\u76f8\u4fe1\u667a\u6167\u4e0a\u7684\u4ec7\u6068\u662f\u6700\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u65e0\u4f11\u6b62\u5730\u53c2\u4e0e\u601d\u60f3\u8bba\u6218\u3002\u4ed6\u8c34\u8d23\u5370\u5237\u4e1a\u7684\u5230\u6765\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u662f\u4e2a\u591a\u4ea7\u4f5c\u5bb6\u3002\u4ed6\u618e\u6076\u7279\u6743\u548c\u8d22\u5bcc\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u603b\u662f\u4f9d\u9760\u8fbe\u5b98\u663e\u8d35\u7684\u8d44\u52a9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u3000\u4e9a\u745f\u00b7\u53d4\u672c\u534e\uff08Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860)\uff09\u975e\u5e38\u6df1\u523b\u5730\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8bc6\u5f71\u54cd\u4eba\u751f\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u4ed6\u91cd\u65b0\u53d1\u73b0\u548c\u652f\u6301\u4e1c\u65b9\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u548c\u4f5b\u6559\u3002\u8fd9\u5e2e\u52a9\u897f\u65b9\u601d\u60f3\u5728\u8feb\u5207\u9700\u8981\u652f\u6301\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u83b7\u5f97\u80fd\u91cf\u3002\u4ed6\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u4e0e\u4e16\u754c\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4ee4\u4eba\u4fe1\u670d\u7684\u3001\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u5206\u6790\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u53d4\u672c\u534e\u4e00\u76f4\u9677\u5165\u5f53\u4eca\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8bca\u65ad\u4e3a\u201c\u72c2\u8e81\u6291\u90c1\u75c7\u201d\u7684\u60b2\u89c2\u4e3b\u4e49\u6ce5\u6cbc\u4e2d\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u6291\u90c1\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u618e\u6076\u3001\u591a\u6837\u7684\u6050\u60e7\u75c7\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u65f7\u91ce\u6050\u6016\u75c7\u3001\u970d\u4e71\u6050\u60e7\u75c7\u3001\u75be\u75c5\u6050\u60e7\u75c7\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u504f\u6267\u591a\u7591\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4ea7\u751f\u6781\u7aef\u53f3\u503e\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3001\u538c\u6076\u4eba\u7c7b\u3001\u538c\u6076\u5973\u6027\u3002\u53d4\u672c\u534e\u4e00\u751f\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed3\u5a5a\uff0c\u4e5f\u4ece\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u4e0e\u4ed6\u90a3\u4e2a\u9636\u5c42\u7684\u5973\u6027\u6709\u604b\u7231\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5efa\u7acb\u548c\u5973\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u4e00\u76f4\u975e\u5e38\u81ea\u79c1\u5730\u5229\u7528\u5973\u7ba1\u5bb6\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u80fd\u591f\u6ee1\u8db3\u4ed6\u5351\u8d31\u610f\u5fd7\u7684\u4e0b\u5c42\u5973\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u3000\u53d4\u672c\u534e\u4e2a\u6027\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u6839\u6e90\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u4e00\u6837\u6765\u81ea\u7ed9\u4ed6\u7559\u4e0b\u521b\u4f24\u7684\u7ae5\u5e74\u548c\u9752\u5e74\u65f6\u4ee3\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\u662f\u4e2a\u5bcc\u88d5\u7684\u3001\u6709\u4e16\u754c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7406\u60f3\u548c\u6587\u5316\u4fee\u517b\u4f46\u975e\u5e38\u5fe7\u90c1\u7684\u5546\u4eba\uff0c\u5728\u611f\u60c5\u4e0a\u548c\u5c0f\u4e9a\u745f\u975e\u5e38\u758f\u8fdc\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u6bcd\u4eb2\u66f4\u7cdf\u7cd5\uff0c\u6781\u7aef\u538c\u6076\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u3002\u4e9a\u745f\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u59b9\u59b9\u963f\u5fb7\u52d2\uff08Adele\uff09\u73b0\u5728\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5f52\u7c7b\u4e3a\u906d\u53d7\u611f\u60c5\u751a\u81f3\u8eab\u4f53\u8650\u5f85\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u3000\u6211\u4eec\u751a\u81f3\u5f88\u96be\u5f00\u59cb\u63cf\u8ff0\u5c3c\u91c7\uff08Friedrich Nietzsche\u2019s (1844-1900\uff09\u5bf9\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u683c\u8a00\u6027\u7684\u6d1e\u5bdf\u529b\u6fc0\u53d1\u4e86\u4eba\u6027\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u7f57\u6770\u65af\u548c\u6c64\u666e\u68ee\u5199\u7684\u201c\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u786e\u5b9a\u4ef7\u503c\u675f\u7f1a\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u5c06\u6765\u8bf4\u201c\u662f\u201d\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002\u201d\u5c3c\u91c7\u7a33\u5b9a\u5730\u9677\u5165\u4e2a\u4eba\u5b64\u72ec\u548c\u75af\u72c2\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u6885\u6bd2\u9020\u6210\u7684\u3002\uff08\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bca\u65ad\u906d\u5230\u672c\u671f\u7684\u6765\u81ea\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u5b66\u5bb6\u590f\u5a03\u00b7\u585e\u5e03\u62c9\u65af\u5361\uff08Eva Cybulska\uff09\u7684\u653b\u51fb\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u5984\u81ea\u5c0a\u5927\u548c\u4ed6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u54f2\u5b66\u4f1f\u5927\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u523a\u8033\u5ba3\u8a00\u4f7f\u5f97\u4eba\u4eba\u8ba8\u538c\u4ed6\u3002\u4ed6\u4f20\u5947\u6027\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u80cc\u53db\u548c\u540e\u6765\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7236\u4eb2\u822c\u7684\u4f5c\u66f2\u5bb6\u7406\u67e5\u5fb7\u00b7\u74e6\u683c\u7eb3\uff08Richard Wagner\uff09\u7684\u618e\u6068\u662f\u4ed6\u707e\u96be\u6027\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5178\u578b\u3002\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u4ed6\u76f8\u4fe1\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u53d7\u5230\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u4ed6\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7834\u574f\u548c\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u670b\u53cb\u7684\u758f\u8fdc\u4f7f\u5f97\u4ed6\u5728\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5723\u8bde\u8282\u53ea\u6536\u5230\u4e00\u5f20\u8d3a\u5361\u3002\u4ed6\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5973\u6027\u7684\u8457\u540d\u8bdd\u8bed\u662f\uff1a\u201c\u4f60\u8981\u53bb\u627e\u5973\u4eba\u5417\uff1f\u522b\u5fd8\u4e86\u62ff\u7740\u97ad\u5b50\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u3000\u9664\u4e86\u4ed6\u5bf9\u903b\u8f91\u9ad8\u8d85\u7684\u5206\u6790\u548c\u5bf9\u6570\u5b66\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u5916\uff0c\u4f2f\u7279\u5170\u00b7\u7f57\u7d20\uff08Bertrand Russell (1872-1970)\uff09\u8fd8\u628a\u54f2\u5b66\u4ece\u7ecf\u9662\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u5c0f\u9601\u697c\u91cc\u89e3\u653e\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u8ba9\u54f2\u5b66\u50cf\u65b0\u95fb\u8bb0\u8005\u4e00\u6837\u5173\u6ce8\u5f53\u65f6\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u5e76\u5411\u5927\u4f17\u516c\u5f00\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4ed6\u95f4\u65ad\u6027\u7684\u5fe7\u90c1\uff0c\u8fde\u7eed\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u5a5a\u53d8\u548c\u7ecf\u5e38\u6027\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u707e\u96be\uff0c\u4ed6\u6bd5\u7adf\u662f\u5b9e\u9645\u601d\u8003\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u8d85\u7ea7\u5ba3\u4f20\u5bb6\u3002\u867d\u7136\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u4f0f\u5c14\u6cf0\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7f57\u7d20\u88ab\u7f57\u6770\u65af\u548c\u6c64\u666e\u68ee\u63cf\u5199\u4e3a\u201c\u7406\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u5f00\u660e\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u963b\u6b62\u8feb\u5207\u5e0c\u671b\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u7f57\u7d20\u6210\u4e3a\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\u3001\u7956\u7236\u3001\u4e08\u592b\u548c\u60c5\u4eba\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u5931\u8d25\u5728\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u8bc1\u4f2a\u4ed6\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53ea\u662f\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u7f57\u7d20\u81ea\u5df1\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u6027\u683c\u8fdc\u975e\u5b66\u672f\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5728\u548c\u522b\u4eba\u4ea4\u5f80\u4e2d\uff0c\u7f57\u7d20\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u51b7\u9177\u7684\u9ebb\u6728\u4e0d\u4ec1\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u201c\u4e24\u4e2a\u6839\u672c\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u6839\u6df1\u8482\u56fa\u7684\u5bf9\u75af\u72c2\u7684\u6050\u60e7\u548c\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u865a\u8363\u5fc3\uff0c\u201d\u8fd9\u548c\u4ed6\u81ea\u4ee5\u4e3a\u662f\u7684\u4eba\u6027\u5206\u6790\u8fe5\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u3000\u4eba\u4eec\u5fcd\u4e0d\u4f4f\u8bf4\u8def\u5f97\u7ef4\u5e0c\u00b7\u7ef4\u7279\u6839\u65af\u5766\uff08Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889-1951)\uff09\u80fd\u591f\u4ec5\u4ec5\u901a\u8fc7\u667a\u6167\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u628a\u54f2\u5b66\u63d0\u5347\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u6c34\u5e73\u3002\u4ed6\u628a\u54f2\u5b66\u5f15\u5411\u8bb8\u591a\u4e0d\u5bfb\u5e38\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u867d\u7136\u4ece\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u6709\u5bb6\u65cf\u94a2\u94c1\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u8d22\u5bcc\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u5fc3\u7406\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u8d2b\u56f0\u4e0d\u582a\u3002\u5728\u601d\u60f3\u4e0a\u548c\u4f53\u8d28\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u6b3a\u8d1f\u522b\u4eba\uff0c\u6beb\u65e0\u906e\u62e6\u5730\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u5b66\u751f\u5439\u80e1\u5b50\u77aa\u773c\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4f53\u7f5a\u5c0f\u5b66\u751f\u3002\u4ed6\u6709\u81ea\u6740\u503e\u5411\uff0c\u8ff7\u604b\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u5728\u540c\u6027\u604b\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fd8\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8005\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u4e0d\u65ad\u51fa\u73b0\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8bf8\u5982\u636e\u8bf4\u5728\u7ef4\u4e5f\u7eb3\u7684\u516c\u5171\u516c\u56ed\u91cc\u4e71\u641e\u540c\u6027\u604b\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u514d\u906d\u6751\u6c11\u62a5\u590d\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u5306\u5306\u9003\u79bb\u5c0f\u5b66\u6559\u5e08\u7684\u5c97\u4f4d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u628a\u4eba\u5bb6\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u66b4\u6253\u4e00\u987f\u3002\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u5965\u5730\u5229\u4e61\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u5b66\u6821\u4e2d\u4e0d\u53d7\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u4f53\u7f5a\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u666e\u904d\u3002\u7ef4\u7279\u6839\u65af\u5766\u66b4\u8e81\uff0c\u7ecf\u5e38\u53d1\u706b\u7684\u574f\u813e\u6c14\u662f\u51fa\u4e86\u540d\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u52a8\u4e0d\u52a8\u5c31\u53d1\u813e\u6c14\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u670b\u53cb\u8fd8\u662f\u654c\u4eba\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u8fa9\u8bba\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u7528\u62e8\u706b\u68cd\u5a01\u80c1\u5361\u5c14\u00b7\u6ce2\u666e\u5c14\uff08Karl Popper\uff09\u3002\u7f57\u6770\u65af\u548c\u6c64\u666e\u68ee\u5199\u5230\u201c\u4f46\u662f\u54f2\u5b66\u4ece\u6b64\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u4ece\u975e\u5e38\u72ed\u7a84\u7684\u80e1\u540c\u91cc\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u9053\u8def\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u732e\u8eab\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u4e25\u8083\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u4eba\u4e0d\u518d\u9700\u8981\u7a7f\u6234\u6ca1\u6709\u9886\u5e26\u7684\u767d\u886c\u886b\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u3000\u9a6c\u4e01\u00b7\u6d77\u5fb7\u683c\u5c14\uff08Martin Heidegger (1889-1976)\uff09\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u5f0f\u7684\u7528\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7ecf\u5386\u7406\u89e3\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4ed6\u540e\u6765\u5173\u4e8e\u6280\u672f\u548c\u73af\u5883\u7684\u601d\u8003\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u5f53\u4eca\u4f9d\u7136\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u53c2\u8003\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u60f3\u5168\u7403\u53d8\u6696\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u7684\u8bdd\uff08\u53c2\u9605\u672c\u671f\u5185\u5bb9\uff09\u3002\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6d77\u5fb7\u683c\u5c14\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u548c\u4ed6\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u7684\u611a\u8822\u884c\u4e3a\u2014\u70ed\u60c5\u652f\u6301\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u5145\u5f53\u7eb3\u7cb9\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u5080\u5121\u5206\u5272\u5f00\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u3000\u7f57\u6770\u65af\u548c\u6c64\u666e\u68ee\u63cf\u7ed8\u7684\u6d77\u5fb7\u683c\u5c14\u662f\u4e2a\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u81ea\u79c1\u65e0\u60c5\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u4ed6\u628a\u7eb3\u7cb9\u770b\u4f5c\u6700\u597d\u5730\u8868\u8fbe\u4ed6\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u201c\u6b64\u5728\u201d\uff08Dasein\uff09\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u5f53\u5b83\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u4ed6\u6700\u521d\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u80cc\u53db\u4ed6\u7684\u6069\u5e08\uff08\u80e1\u585e\u5c14Edmund Husserl\uff09\u60c5\u4eba\uff08\u6c49\u5a1c\u00b7\u963f\u4f26\u7279Hannah Arendt\uff09\u670b\u53cb\u5361\u5c14\u00b7\u96c5\u65af\u8d1d\u65af\uff08Karl Jaspers\uff09\u7b49\u3002\u540e\u6765\u4ed6\u4e09\u5fc3\u4e8c\u610f\u5730\u8bd5\u56fe\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5386\u53f2\u4fdd\u6301\u8ddd\u79bb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u3000\u5728\u6709\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6d77\u5fb7\u683c\u5c14\u4ece\u7f57\u6770\u65af\u548c\u6c64\u666e\u68ee\u7684\u4e66\u4e2d\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u6216\u8bb8\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6700\u9700\u8981\u906d\u5230\u62a5\u5e94\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u8fd8\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u4e03\u4e2a\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u8005\u3002 \u3000\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u3000\u8ba9\u00b7\u4fdd\u7f57\u00b7\u8428\u7279\uff08Jean-Paul Sartre (1905-1980\uff09\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\u628a\u54f2\u5b66\u4ece\u5927\u5b66\u8bb2\u5802\u5e26\u8fdb\u5496\u5561\u9986\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u628a\u5b58\u5728\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08\u5373\u4f7f\u90a3\u4e9b\u5bf9\u6b64\u6240\u77e5\u751a\u5c11\u7684\u4eba\uff09\u6210\u4e3a\u4eba\u4eec\u8ffd\u9010\u7684\u65f6\u5c1a\u3002\u8428\u7279\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e13\u6ce8\u7406\u6027\u5199\u4f5c\u5c40\u9650\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u79cd\u5b50\uff0c\u53ea\u5199\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u4e0d\u7ba1\u4f60\u7231\u4ed6\u8fd8\u662f\u6068\u4ed6\uff0c\u90fd\u5f97\u627f\u8ba4\u4ed6\u662f\u5de8\u4eba\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u5bf9\u6bcd\u4eb2\u6709\u4e71\u4f26\u7684\u7231\u3001\u538c\u6076\u5b69\u5b50\u3001\u538c\u6076\u52a8\u7269\uff0c\u5728\u4e0e\u4eba\u4ea4\u5f80\u4e2d\u4ee5\u865a\u4f2a\u8457\u540d\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u629b\u5f03\u60c5\u4eba\u5c31\u50cf\u6254\u6389\u5e9f\u7eb8\u4e00\u6837\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u3000\u7531\u4e8e\u4ed6\u7684\u6781\u7aef\u548c\u51fa\u683c\u4e3e\u52a8\uff0c\u7c73\u6b47\u5c14\u00b7\u798f\u67ef\uff08Michel Foucault (1926-1984)\uff09\u592a\u5bb9\u6613\u6210\u4e3a\u4eba\u4eec\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u4f46\u540c\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u8d5e\u8d4f\u4ed6\u8457\u4f5c\u7684\u5927\u80c6\uff0c\u65e0\u6240\u754f\u60e7\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u751f\u6d3b\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u7684\u771f\u7406\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u3002\u4ed6\u5bf9\u4e8e\u601d\u60f3\u6a21\u5f0f\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u4e0d\u662f\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u9886\u57df\u7684\u75af\u72c2\u3001\u6027\u3001\u60e9\u7f5a\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u628a\u54f2\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u3001\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5b8c\u7f8e\u5730\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u3000\u798f\u67ef\u662f\u5426\u5728\u660e\u660e\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u60a3\u4e0a\u827e\u6ecb\u75c5\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u7528\u4e0d\u52a0\u4efb\u4f55\u4fdd\u62a4\u63aa\u65bd\u7684\u6027\u6d3b\u52a8\u4f20\u67d3\u7ed9\u4f17\u591a\u4eba\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e89\u8bba\u4e0d\u4f11\u7684\u3002\u540c\u6837\u8ba9\u4eba\u4f24\u5fc3\u7684\u662f\u4ed6\u5728\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b66\u4f2f\u514b\u5229\u5206\u6821\u7684\u9057\u4ea7\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u4eec\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u662f\u201c\u75af\u72c2\u7684\u6cd5\u56fd\u53d8\u88c5\u7687\u540e\uff08leather queen\uff09\u97ad\u6253\u5728\u65e7\u91d1\u5c71\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8005\u6fa1\u5802\u91cc\u4e0e\u4ed6\u6027\u4ea4\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u964c\u751f\u4eba\u3002\u201d\u7f57\u6770\u65af\u548c\u6c64\u666e\u68ee\u5199\u5230\u201c\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u751f\u547d\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u827e\u6ecb\u75c5\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\u201c\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u6bd4\u4e3a\u90a3\u4e9b\u53ef\u7231\u7684\u7537\u5b69\u732e\u8eab\u66f4\u66f4\u7f8e\u5999\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u5417\uff1f\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u3000\u300a\u884c\u4e3a\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u300b\u7cbe\u5f69\u5730\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8b\u5b9e\u201c\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u667a\u6167\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u5e26\u6765\u667a\u6167\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u201d\u8fd9\u91cc\u6709\u516b\u4e2a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u5de8\u4eba\u548c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u7684\u4f8f\u5112\u3002\u7f57\u6770\u65af\u548c\u6c64\u666e\u68ee\u6070\u5f53\u5730\u5f97\u51fa\u7ed3\u8bba\u201c\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u7f3a\u70b9\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\u6216\u8bb8\u9f13\u821e\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u611a\u8822\u6216\u8005\u5c40\u9650\u6709\u591a\u4e48\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u6562\u4e8e\u8fdb\u884c\u8d85\u8d8a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u601d\u8003\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u3000\u4f5c\u8005\u7b80\u4ecb\uff1a\u65af\u8482\u82ac\u00b7\u6731\u5b89\uff08Stephen Juan\uff09\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u7c7b\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u6089\u5c3c\u5927\u5b66\u4eba\u6027\u79d1\u5b66\u516c\u5171\u7406\u89e3\u963f\u4ec0\u5229\u00b7\u8499\u5854\u53e4\uff08Ashley Montagues\uff09\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u3002\u8457\u6709\u5173\u4e8e\u8eab\u4f53\u3001\u5934\u8111\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u7cfb\u5217\u8457\u4f5c\u3002 \u3000\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u3000\u8bd1\u81ea\uff1a\u201cStephen Juan reviews the bad behaviour reported by Nigel Rodgers and Mel Thompson. \u3000\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u3000\u3000\u8bd1\u8005\u6ce8\uff1aPhilosophers Behaving Badly by Nigel Rodgers and Mel Thompson<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tags: \u5362\u68ad, \u53d4\u672c\u534e, \u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6, \u5973\u6027, \u5c3c\u91c7, \u7ef4\u7279\u6839\u65af\u5766<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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